Immunity: Natural lymphocyte regeneration mechanism in the lungs.

Oct 2, 2020 /----- The immune system has a variety of cell types that are effective against the various pathogens that humans may encounter in their lifetime.
, for example, the subjects on the surface of T cells can be specifically identified and combined with antigens.
, however, cell types with similar protective properties have been found in recent decades to have no specific antigens.
(Photo: www.pixabay.com) Only a few years ago, scientists discovered a group of lymphocytes, known as "innate lymphocytes" (LCCs), which are now one of the most important roles in the body's immune defenses and make an important contribution to fighting pathogens.
, unlike T-cells, ILC does not patrol the blood, but mainly resides in tissues.
ILC resides in a variety of tissues that interact with many immune and non-immune cell types and contribute to immune surveillance, activation of inflammatory responses, tissue stabilization, repair and barrier function.
are found in bone marrow, secondary lymphatic organs (e.g. lymph nodes), and in non-lymphatic tissues (e.g. lungs or small intestines) with mucous membrane barriers.
the size and subgroup composition of the ILC population changes between organs and may change dynamically during immune attacks.
Type II ILC2 is the primary subsype in the lungs and has been shown to play a major role in immune defense against parasitic infections or wound healing.
, on the other hand, ILC2s also cause allergic respiratory inflammation, such as asthma.
like other tissues, ILC2 in the lungs expands and differentiates during the first few weeks of life, after which part persists as tissue resides as tissue cells.
, however, ILC2s can also be produced and collected from other tissues over the course of their life under normal physiological and inflammatory conditions.
it is not clear whether these ILC2s have specialized functions or are being recruited to supplement the local resident cell bank.
to shed light on these unknown mechanisms, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Paleogenetics explored a complete single-cell atlas of mice's ILC populations during normal physiological conditions and infections.
they found a group of ancestral cells that flowed from the bone marrow and matured in the lungs during worm infection.
" our work reveals how to maintain the local population of ILC2 in the lungs.
we found that the ancestral cells collected into the lungs through blood from other tissues adapted to the lung environment by regulating gene expression and differentiated into mature ILC2.
suggests that the state of immune cells can be adapted to changes in the tissue environment.
our proposed concepts of tissue differentiation and ILC2 adaptability may help to understand how local differentiation of ILC can lead to inflammatory diseases and may be applicable to other immune cell types.
"explains author Patrice Zeis.
results were published recently in the journal Immunity.
(bioon.com) Source: Innate lymphoid cells regenerate lung within Original source: Patrice Zeis et al, In Situ Maturation and Tissue Australia of Type 2 Innate lyoid Cell Progenitors, Immunity (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.002.