Hyponatremia combines cerebral edema, which is related to this "smart drug".

Patients can be diagnosed with hyponatremia when serum sodium concentrations are belowAs a kind of electrolyte disorder which is quite common in clinical work, hyponatremia can lead to different degrees of clinical manifestations in patientsAt its most severe, it can lead to cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure, which in turn can lead to reflexive nausea and vomiting, headaches, and varying degrees of consciousness disordersWhat you're sharing today is a case of cerebral edema caused by hyponatremia, but in particular the patient's cause is more specific: it's related to substance abuseThe man had fainted and was lying in his own vomit when the drug packaging hidden in the bathroom was foundSo he was rushed to the hospital emergency room when he scored a Glasgow scoreEfentanil bromine ammonium sophensssediatol was treated with a trachea intubation and transferred to an intensive treatment wardIn the treatment of patients with stubborn vomit body table visible spotting underthesis examination did not see significant abnormalities but high muscle toneLaboratory examination in patients with serum sodium reactive protein white blood cell count increased the rest did not see significant abnormalitiesTable: Patients with numerical lysis during the hospital have signs of elevated intracranial pressure () but no evidence of structural abnormalities and trauma in the case of numerical examinationDoctors asked family members about the patient's history of irritable bowel syndrome and returned to the UK a few weeks ago after receiving a fecal microbiome transplant from AustraliaRecent patients' attitudes towardlife are quite positive and rarely drink alcohol to deny smoking and deny drug abuse historyThe patient's past medical history includes intestinal irritable syndrome years have been suffering from Lyme disease and past urinary tract infections (self-serving sugar relief)At the same time, the patientalso has pre-aggressive syndrome, the second leaf aortic valve and spleen swellingComprehensive clinical information above patients received a range of supportive and anti-infection treatment experienced antibiotics including amoxicillin, methazine, taprefen and pirasilinThe patient was also screened for rickets, the relevant autoimmune indicators were examined and the creatine kinase was reviewed but the results were all within the normal rangeImaging improved the cranial and chest examination of the skull showed that patients had significantly improved the disappearance of the cerebral ventricle roughly normal cortical strengthening, but the visible double lung reality in the chest was consistent with the imaging change of pneumonia Considering that the patient's inhalation pneumonia may have further arranged for the alveolar irrigation under the bronchoscopy The next day the patient's serum sodium returned to normal and the trachea intubation was removed Patients do not need to breathe to support nerve abnormalities to improve after the tube is unplugged The cause was originally related to the "smart drug" because the patient was found with an empty drug box around him on the third day of admission he was screened for substance abuse The results showed that methadone, cocaine, opiates and amphetamines were all negative but benzodiazepinedrugs were positive Although the history of drug abuse remains a mystery, the patient's diagnosis is already clear: hyponatremia and abnormal hyperpermeability (sodium urine) The increase in sodium can be attributed to renal and extra-renal factors but the patient's creatinine is in the normal range, so renal causes represented by renal failure and acute renal tube necrosis are first ruled out; Doctors were deadlocked in their search for the root cause of low sodium in patients After the patient is sober, the doctor asks the patient again about the history of medication The patient admitted to using the overdosing of modafinil on his own but the exact dosage was not clear lying beyond He also admitted that he had taken acetate but the dose was far lower than Modafinil had expected According to this clinician, the patient's severe hyponatremia and cerebral edema due to hyponatremia can be attributed to modafinil overdose During hospitalization, patients with electrolyte abnormalities were able to correct the control of lung infections and gradually absorbed and were discharged from the hospital quickly Patients still have cognitive impairment and forgetting within one month of discharge Subsequent endocrine-related examinations did not detect abnormal sodium metabolism "Smart drugs" are not smart abuse will be addicted to the patient fainted with modafinil side with the empty box after the patient admitted to overeating modafinil So what kind of medicine is this? Modafinil is a non-amphetamine-type central stimulant used to treat narcolepsy associated with seizures of sleeping sickness Although the specific pharmacological mechanism is not clear at present, the concentration of extracellular dopamine has been observed in drug trials and the level of gamma aminobutyric acid in the new cortex has decreased significantly The common clinical manifestations of Modafinil overdose are palpitations and central nervous system toxicity such as headache, dizziness, anxiety, irritability, tremors and dystonia The death toll from Modafinil is unknown And documented as an attempt to take Modafinil to commit suicide but not die The therapeutic dose of the drug is The case of hyponatremia and cerebral edema, which is so severe in this case, is the first case The correction of drug overdoses mainly relies on supportive treatment and treatment of patients with symptoms, focusing on sedative control of motor disorders and maintaining blood pressure stability In addition to treating narcolepsy-related drowsiness, the medication for hypertrophic medicine includes reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis and drowsiness in people with Parkinson's disease In addition, because it has a central excitatory effect can improve the concentration of drug users, so some of the students who desire to improve academic level, long periods of concentration and sobriety are also secretly using and give it an attractive name "smart medicine." It should be noted that Modafinil has an addictive presence in China and the United States and other places are strictly controlled belonging to the People's Republic of China List of Psychotropic Substances (annual edition) of the first category of psychotropic drugs and in most countries belong to prescription drugs Obviously, modafinil is undoubtedly a good medicine for the onset of sleeping sickness, but it is more illegal to abuse Modafinil for friends who seek "smart" ness A koi source: Medical neurology channel content display end to determine whether the login ends.