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Do you believe it? The human-mouse hybrid brain appeared, and human neurons responded quickly to the stimulation of the mouse! A recent study showed that miniature human brains transplanted into mice can send signals and direct mice to respond (Figure 1).
For example, by touching a mouse's whiskers, brain cells can respond normally
.
This research result proves that neurons grown from human stem cells can interact with nerve cells of living rodents, which has a significant role
in promoting the progress of human brain disease therapy.
Figure 1 Human brain organoids (bright green) were transplanted into the brains of newborn young mice to create a hybrid brain with neuronal interfaces (Source: Nature)
Seven years ago, researchers at Stanford University in the United States used human stem cells to grow human brain tissue in the laboratory, and then injected the tissue into the brains
of newborn rats 。 The findings, published Oct.
12 in Nature, show that brain-like human tissue binds to mouse brain tissue and then continues to grow, and that these brain cells appear to influence mouse behavior
.
Human "mini brain" transplanted into rats to grow to 6 times the original large researchers injected human tissue cultured with human stem cells into the somatosensory cortex of rats.
That is, the area where the mouse receives and processes sensory information such as touch or pain (Figure 2).
After about two weeks of training, whenever the researchers used a blue laser to stimulate human neurons in mice, the mice began licking their mouths and looking for water
.
This means that human cells interact well enough to help drive animal behavior
.
In addition, when the researchers poked the mice's whiskers, they found that human cells in the cortex reacted, suggesting that the cells were able to pick up sensory information
.
Figure 2 Professor Pajka, one of the researchers who transplanted human cortical organoids in the developing rat cortex (Source: Nature), said: "After we stimulate the beard, the response of human neurons becomes very fast
.
The fact that more than 70% of human neurons begin some form of activity about 1 second after being stimulated is evidence that they interact.
"Human neurons have become part of the circuit of the mouse brain, and under the microscope, these neurons flash with 'light'
.
After the human "mini-brain" was transplanted into rats, human neurons grew to six times their original size in about 8 months, accounting for about one-third
of the individual hemispheres of rat brains.
The transplanted rats did not develop health problems
such as epilepsy that researchers were so worried about.
One year after transplantation, more than 70 percent of the rats were still alive
.
Research began decades ago to help treat autism
The study is the latest case study
in an attempt to transplant human cells into animals.
Scientific exploration of human cell transplantation into animals began decades ago, and a series of discoveries have been successful (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Process of human cell transplantation into animals | Mapping: Biological Exploration editorial team Brevalow said the Stanford study is novel and landmarking, enabling the cultivation of complex 3D structures
representing the human cerebral cortex.
The cerebral cortex is the most important component of the brain and where the cognitive center is
located.
The researchers hope that the ability of human-mouse transplantation will help humans better understand how genetic mutations affect brain circuits and how they affect the way
humans think and behave.
This type of rat model can also be used to study neurodegenerative diseases such as psychiatric disorders, autism, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, and can even be used to identify new treatments or test their effectiveness
.
Rusty Gage, a neuroscientist at the Salk Institute for Biological Research in La Jolla, California, is excited to see the results of
the Stanford experiment.
In experiments, because the brains of newborn young mice are more plastic than those of adult animals, they are better able to receive new cells
.
But Gage says challenges remain, but what is certain is that the promise of human brain transplant procedures is limitless
.
The current challenge is ethical, and researchers worry that creating "hybrids" of rodent and human brains could harm animals or create animals
with human brains.
Last year, a report released by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine showed that human brain organoids are still too primitive to gain consciousness, AI-like capabilities, and need to be regulated
by law.
Pascal said his team's organoid transplant did not cause problems such as seizures or memory loss in rats, and it did not appear to significantly change animal behavior
.
But Alotta, a member of the National Academy of Sciences panel, said problems could arise
as science advances.
"You can't just discuss it once and let it develop," Alotta said, adding that concerns about human organoids need to be weighed against the needs of
patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Brain organoids and human-animal hybrid brains could reveal the underlying mechanisms of many diseases and provide treatments for researchers testing conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
.
Written by| Qiao Weijun
creaders.
net/2022/10/13/2535641.
html
For example, by touching a mouse's whiskers, brain cells can respond normally
.
This research result proves that neurons grown from human stem cells can interact with nerve cells of living rodents, which has a significant role
in promoting the progress of human brain disease therapy.
Figure 1 Human brain organoids (bright green) were transplanted into the brains of newborn young mice to create a hybrid brain with neuronal interfaces (Source: Nature)
Seven years ago, researchers at Stanford University in the United States used human stem cells to grow human brain tissue in the laboratory, and then injected the tissue into the brains
of newborn rats 。 The findings, published Oct.
12 in Nature, show that brain-like human tissue binds to mouse brain tissue and then continues to grow, and that these brain cells appear to influence mouse behavior
.
Human "mini brain" transplanted into rats to grow to 6 times the original large researchers injected human tissue cultured with human stem cells into the somatosensory cortex of rats.
That is, the area where the mouse receives and processes sensory information such as touch or pain (Figure 2).
After about two weeks of training, whenever the researchers used a blue laser to stimulate human neurons in mice, the mice began licking their mouths and looking for water
.
This means that human cells interact well enough to help drive animal behavior
.
In addition, when the researchers poked the mice's whiskers, they found that human cells in the cortex reacted, suggesting that the cells were able to pick up sensory information
.
Figure 2 Professor Pajka, one of the researchers who transplanted human cortical organoids in the developing rat cortex (Source: Nature), said: "After we stimulate the beard, the response of human neurons becomes very fast
.
The fact that more than 70% of human neurons begin some form of activity about 1 second after being stimulated is evidence that they interact.
"Human neurons have become part of the circuit of the mouse brain, and under the microscope, these neurons flash with 'light'
.
After the human "mini-brain" was transplanted into rats, human neurons grew to six times their original size in about 8 months, accounting for about one-third
of the individual hemispheres of rat brains.
The transplanted rats did not develop health problems
such as epilepsy that researchers were so worried about.
One year after transplantation, more than 70 percent of the rats were still alive
.
Research began decades ago to help treat autism
The study is the latest case study
in an attempt to transplant human cells into animals.
Scientific exploration of human cell transplantation into animals began decades ago, and a series of discoveries have been successful (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Process of human cell transplantation into animals | Mapping: Biological Exploration editorial team Brevalow said the Stanford study is novel and landmarking, enabling the cultivation of complex 3D structures
representing the human cerebral cortex.
The cerebral cortex is the most important component of the brain and where the cognitive center is
located.
The researchers hope that the ability of human-mouse transplantation will help humans better understand how genetic mutations affect brain circuits and how they affect the way
humans think and behave.
This type of rat model can also be used to study neurodegenerative diseases such as psychiatric disorders, autism, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, and can even be used to identify new treatments or test their effectiveness
.
Rusty Gage, a neuroscientist at the Salk Institute for Biological Research in La Jolla, California, is excited to see the results of
the Stanford experiment.
In experiments, because the brains of newborn young mice are more plastic than those of adult animals, they are better able to receive new cells
.
But Gage says challenges remain, but what is certain is that the promise of human brain transplant procedures is limitless
.
The current challenge is ethical, and researchers worry that creating "hybrids" of rodent and human brains could harm animals or create animals
with human brains.
Last year, a report released by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine showed that human brain organoids are still too primitive to gain consciousness, AI-like capabilities, and need to be regulated
by law.
Pascal said his team's organoid transplant did not cause problems such as seizures or memory loss in rats, and it did not appear to significantly change animal behavior
.
But Alotta, a member of the National Academy of Sciences panel, said problems could arise
as science advances.
"You can't just discuss it once and let it develop," Alotta said, adding that concerns about human organoids need to be weighed against the needs of
patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Brain organoids and human-animal hybrid brains could reveal the underlying mechanisms of many diseases and provide treatments for researchers testing conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
.
Written by| Qiao Weijun
Typesetting| Qiao Weijun
End
References:[1]#author-information[2] https://tech.creaders.
net/2022/10/13/2535641.
html
