How to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides for five consecutive years of negative growth?

Recently, the Zhejiang Provincial Plant Protection Quarantine and Pesticide Management Station announced the 2020 provincial-level list of demonstration areas for green prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests.
Our city has been selected into 14 demonstration areas, of which the green prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests are located in Jiangkou Street and Xiwu Street, Fenghua District.
In the demonstration area, through the adoption of green prevention and control technologies and measures such as agricultural control, ecological control, biological control, and physical and chemical traps, the rice field ecosystem is cultivated to achieve sustainable control of rice pests and diseases
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At the same time, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of plant diseases and insect pests in the construction of demonstration areas, reducing the frequency of prevention and control and the amount of pesticides
.
According to reports, after the establishment of the demonstration area, the use of pesticides has been reduced by 30%, and the populations of natural enemies and neutral insects in rice fields have increased significantly
.
In the past five years, our city has actively advocated the concept of "public plant protection and green plant protection", vigorously promoted the reduction of chemical pesticides, and ensured the safety of agricultural production, the quality of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment
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By the end of last year, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the city had achieved negative growth for five consecutive years
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The yield of wheat has not decreased in Shafantang, Ninghai Teayuan Township.
At present, the young leaves of wheat have been extracted, and the rice fields are full of greenery
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Wang Xingyang, head of the Meinong Agricultural Machinery Plant Protection Service Professional Cooperative in Ninghai County, contracted 360 acres of rice fields in Shafantang
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More than 200 acres of wheat have been planted this year
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Since 2018, under the guidance of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the municipal and county agricultural technology extension departments, Wang Xingyang has undertaken the national key research and development project "Establishment and demonstration of the technical model of reduced application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in Zhejiang and Shanghai wheat areas", and undertook The construction of Fangninghai Point, a demonstration of fertilizer quota system for agricultural inputs in Zhejiang Province
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This year, due to the cold wave, the growth of wheat has been relatively slow.
On January 24, Wang Xingyang called 4 small workers to carry out the first fertilization operation on the wheat
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According to Wang Xingyang, chemical fertilizers are generally applied twice during the growth period of wheat.
The amount of fertilizer used in the past two times was 25-30 kg, but now it has been reduced to about 20 kg
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Similarly, pesticides have been used less twice
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The cost of chemical fertilizers per acre has dropped by 20 yuan, and the cost of pesticides has dropped by 60 yuan
.
"Calculated by 200 acres, a lot of expenses can be saved a year
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" He said
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With technical support, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been reduced, but the output of wheat has not declined
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Last year, Wang Xingyang’s average yield of wheat per mu was 250-300 kg, with the highest reaching 350 kg
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The Nongle Fruit and Vegetable Boutique Garden in Huxiaocao Village, Jiangshan Town, Yinzhou District, is a pilot project for the prevention of continuous vegetable cropping obstacles in Yinzhou District, covering a total area of ​​500 mu
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The park cultivates healthy soil and produces high-quality agricultural products by adopting a number of comprehensive prevention and control technologies for soil continuous cropping obstacles such as high temperature and stuffy sheds, paddy and dry crop rotation, and formula fertilization
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Right now, vegetables are being rotated in the greenhouse
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Ye Shengniao, the person in charge of Nongle Fruits and Vegetables Garden, told the author that in the past, they used traditional production methods to fertilize crops.
Since the pilot, they have mainly used organic fertilizers and formula fertilizers to reduce unreasonable use of fertilizers and drugs
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Last year, more than 50 tons of organic fertilizers and 5 tons of formula fertilizers were applied, and the use of chemical fertilizers decreased by more than 200 kg compared with the previous year
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"We have specialized disease and insect forecasting technology, as well as fertilization advice cards issued by the district agricultural technology station, which can prevent crops in advance.
If we take measures in the early stage, we can reduce the late fertilization and pesticide application, and the unreasonable use of fertilizers and pesticides.
That's how it was reduced
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" Ye Shengniao said
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Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, our city has focused on exploring the high-efficiency and ecological use of chemical fertilizers in response to problems such as high per mu of chemical fertilizers, unbalanced fertilization, and low utilization of organic fertilizer resources
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By the end of 2020, more than 10 demonstration bases for limited application of chemical fertilizers have been established in the city, and 3.
34 million mu of soil testing and formula fertilization technology has been promoted.
The coverage rate of soil testing and formula fertilization technology for main crops has reached 93%, and the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers has been reduced by 1093 tons
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Last year, a total of 126,000 tons of commercial organic fertilizers and 12,000 tons of crop formula fertilizers were promoted and applied, driving the city to apply 510,000 mu of commercial organic fertilizers and more than 560,000 acres of formula fertilizers
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Through policy support and guidance, it has effectively promoted the implementation of fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies
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In the past five years, the city has invested 9.
97 million yuan in total to promote green prevention and control technology, and the area of ​​green prevention and control has increased year by year.

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According to statistics, in 5 years, the city has carried out a total of 502,000 mu of green prevention and control demonstration areas and a total of 5.
587 million mu of promotion areas
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As of 2020, the green prevention and control coverage rate of major food crops in the city will reach 43.
2%
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The improvement of prevention and control technology has greatly promoted the reduction of fertilizers and pesticides and the increase of efficiency
.
? Cailang Bridge test plot in Jiangshan Town, Yinzhou District
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(Data map) Technology integration and expansion of fertilizer and pesticide reduction models to achieve negative growth in fertilizer and pesticide use requires concerted efforts of all parties
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In recent years, our city has steadily promoted the reduction and efficiency improvement of pesticides and fertilizers through technical routes such as "control of insect pests, use of new fertilizers and pesticides, improvement of pesticide application methods, precise fertilization and pesticide application, and unified prevention and control", effectively achieving stable grain income and optimizing ecology.
Environment
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The promotion of non-chemical prevention and control technologies in the agricultural "two areas" and the modern ecological circular agricultural demonstration area is one of the main means for the city to implement green prevention and control of pests and diseases
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This technology uses non-chemical control measures centered on the “three traps” technology such as sex traps, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp traps and swatch traps to effectively control rice planthoppers, rice leaf rollers, and Chilo suppressalis And other pests
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According to statistics from the Municipal Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the non-chemical control technology demonstration area reduces the use of pesticides per mu by about 15 kg compared with the non-demonstration area
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By 2020, the city will build 20 ecological restoration demonstration zones, with a core area of ​​more than 5,000 mu and an effective radiation area of ​​more than 200,000 mu
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If the soil is good, rice, vegetables, and fruits will grow healthily
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Since 2019, the free soil testing service of "10,000 main entities" has been introduced among new business entities, and "one household, one industry, one business" has been actively promoted (one business household, one leading industry, one fertilization formula), and the implementation of precise fertilization Pattern
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In 2020, 1,652 representative soil samples will be collected, tested and analyzed in the city.
By grasping the current status and changing trends of arable land fertility, we can better provide data support for "fertilization based on soil"
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According to the soil and fertilizer technicians of the Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension Station, in the past 5 years, the city has completed 138 field trials, carried out experiments on fertilizer utilization, formula correction, and new fertilizers, established a perfect rice fertilization index system, and formulated single-season late rice fertilizers.
The technical specifications for reduced application rates have issued technical guidelines for fertilization of main grown vegetables, and have enriched the technical reserves of efficient fertilization for economic crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits
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The promotion of formula fertilizers is an important measure to promote the reduction of chemical fertilizers
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In order to promote the application of formula fertilizer and formula fertilization technology, the agricultural technology department cooperates with production enterprises to vigorously promote formula fertilizer
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The agricultural technology department proposes crop fertilization recommendations and the main fertilizer formulas, while the production companies produce and supply formulated fertilizers according to the prescriptions.
Combine the technical guidance advantages of the agricultural technology department and the production and marketing advantages of local fertilizer companies to jointly connect the "measurement, production, supply and application" One-stop service
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The application of formula fertilizer in our city has been increasing from scratch.
According to incomplete statistics, in 2020, the application of special fertilizer for rice will reach about 50% of the city's rice planting area, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will be reduced by about 5% compared with 5 years ago
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The promotion and application of formula fertilizer in our city is leading in the province
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Yinzhou District promoted 2000 tons of formula fertilizer last year, ranking first in the city in terms of quantity
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"Farmers are becoming more and more aware of green prevention and control, and they will also buy formula fertilizers themselves.
The actual amount of formula fertilizers in the whole district in a year is more than this amount
.
" said Wang Bin, director of the Yinzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Agricultural Technology The department continues to conduct field trials, and now a total of 16 soil testing formula fertilizer demonstration plants have been set up in the district, covering an area of ​​5,000 mu
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Last year, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the district decreased by 100 tons and 5 tons respectively compared with the previous year, which exceeded the municipal tasks
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Based on the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, our city has developed more than 30 main crop fertilizer formulas to lay the foundation for precise fertilization of crops, and adjust the structure and function of fertilizers to achieve the goal of reducing the number of fertilization and improving fertilization efficiency
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In addition, the technical department continues to enrich the technical model of fertilizer reduction and efficiency in combination with organic fertilizer substitution, biogas slurry concentrate fertilizer research and development and application, etc.

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For example, in the demonstration area of ​​chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement in Xizhou Town, Xiangshan County, through the integrated application of rice side deep fertilization and slow and controlled release formula fertilizer technology, under the conditions of ensuring stable production, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by about 20%, and the fertilization is reduced by 1-2 times; Cixi City The Lixin Agricultural Cooperative of Qiaotou Town reduced the amount of fertilizer by more than 30% through the selection of water-soluble fertilizer and the use of integrated water and fertilizer technology
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Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", our city has included formula fertilizers, disease and insect pests specialized unified prevention and control, etc.
, in the scope of subsidies, and increased subsidies for commercial organic fertilizers and green prevention and control technologies.
Financial investment at the city and county levels is related The subsidy fund is more than 50 million yuan
.
? Contiguous wheat fields in Zhangyu Village, Jiangshan
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(Photo by Sun Jijing) Continue to promote reduction and increase efficiency to help rural revitalization.
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, our city proposed an agricultural development strategy to build a green urban agricultural city
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The reduction and efficiency enhancement of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as an ecological and environmentally friendly agricultural technology, is of positive significance for creating green spaces and a better ecological environment, and providing citizens with more abundant, high-quality and safe agricultural products
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Although the city's fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement work has achieved some results, the problems of excessive and unreasonable application of fertilizers still exist, and the current stage is affected by the reduction of food subsidies, technical measures, and personnel constraints.
Due to the influence of factors, further promotion of fertilizer reduction is facing greater challenges
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According to industry insiders, ecological priority, green development, and promotion of high-quality agricultural development and the construction of rural ecological civilization are the established new directions and new roads in the new era
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From this point of view, the reduction of fertilizers and medicines to increase efficiency is not only a technical measure, but also a policy task
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It is necessary to further integrate the technical model of reduction and increase efficiency, explore the breakthrough points of saving labor in the province, improve the efficiency of fertilizer reduction technology, and realize that the short-term interests of farmers echo the long-term government planning, and the economic benefits of farmers are parallel to the social and ecological benefits
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Innovate service methods and expand service groups
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Actively explore the effective mode of combining public service and business service, and government purchasing service
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Update and optimize the existing information system, upgrade and optimize the smart fertilization APP and the green plant protection APP, carry out fertilization recommendations and medication guidance to growers through mobile terminals, promote smart and social fertilization and plant protection services, and further expand fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement Technical service groups
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Source: China Ningbo Net