How to reduce the amount of fertilizers and pesticides?

Some people think: “If you want high-quality agricultural development, you have to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides
.
” Others think: “The less the use of pesticides and fertilizers, the better
.
” How much is the reduction in the use of fertilizers and pesticides? How to reduce it? Listen to what the experts say
.
Zhang Fusuo, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the leader of the scientific fertilization expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, professor of the School of Resources and Environment of China Agricultural University.
The amount of fertilizer must be controlled to a reasonable range, neither more nor less
.
Don't blindly "weight loss".
If the current dosage is too high, it should be lowered, if the dosage is reasonable, it should be maintained, and if the dosage is small, it should be increased
.
Reduce some excessive input of nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrient elements, increase organic fertilizers and supplement calcium, magnesium, zinc and other medium and micronutrient elements.
At present, the scientific fertilization expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has established three major grains: wheat, corn and rice Crop nitrogen fertilizer application quota index, in layman's terms, is a reasonable range of nitrogen fertilizer application
.
The safe amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be 7-12 kg/mu for rice, 5-19 kg/mu for wheat, and 8-19 kg/mu for corn
.
It is far from enough to control the safe use of chemical fertilizers.
In order to increase grain production, technological innovation should be used as a prerequisite to cooperate with other cultivation measures
.
Experiments have shown that controlling the amount of chemical fertilizers at a reasonable level, through measures such as selection and breeding of high-quality varieties, regulation of sowing technology, and soil improvement, the yield of wheat, corn, and rice can be increased by 18-35%
.
Song Baoan, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, President of Guizhou University.
Pesticide reduction cannot be done at the expense of yield and effectiveness.
Pesticide reduction cannot be done at the expense of crop yield and pest control.
Instead, low-efficiency, high-toxicity, and high-residue varieties must be eliminated and improved.
Pesticide utilization rate, and use high-efficiency, environment-friendly green pesticides and new varieties of biological pesticides to replace inefficient and old varieties, and on this basis, rational use and scientific prevention and control
.
The development of high-efficiency, low-residue, eco-friendly green pesticides and biological pesticides, and more attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products will be an inevitable choice for social development
.
In recent years, my country has strengthened the implementation of green prevention and control of crop diseases, pests and weeds
.
Green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests refers to the goal of promoting safe production of crops and reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and adopting environmentally friendly measures such as ecological control, biological control, physical control, and scientific drug use to control the effective behavior of harmful organisms
.
At present, the national green prevention and control coverage of crop diseases and insect pests has increased from 15.
2% in 2012 to 41.
5% in 2020, and the green prevention and control of fruit, vegetable and tea in key areas has basically achieved full coverage
.
Which green prevention and control technology models are worth promoting? In accordance with the idea of ​​reducing pesticides and effectively controlling damages, various regions have carried out a series of fruitful work, summarizing many technical models of green prevention and control, and farmers have also tasted the sweetness of green prevention and control
.
Regarding the prevention and control of tea diseases and insect pests, Guizhou has adopted technical measures such as "using insects to control insects, using grasses to inhibit weeds, and immune induction" to promote green prevention and control of tea plant diseases and insect pests throughout the province’s 43 key tea-producing counties for 10 consecutive years.
The qualified rate of tea products has reached 100%, and the tea planting area in Guizhou has ranked first in the country for five consecutive years
.
Professor Zang Liansheng of Jilin Agricultural University established a large-scale production of Trichogramma natural enemy factories, developed biological control technologies for corn borer and rice stem borer, carried out biological control in a large area, and effectively controlled corn borer, rice stem borer and other pests.
Reduce the use of chemical pesticides and protect the ecological environment of farmland
.
In addition, some domestic biological control agencies are developing natural enemy varieties such as ladybirds, lacewings, and predatory mites, implementing "curing insects with insects" and "curing mites with mites", and implementing biological control technologies on peach, citrus and other fruit trees, successively in Guangdong , Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Hainan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shaanxi and other 20 provinces (cities, districts) to significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides to ensure the safety of pollution-free fruits in China Production
.
What other efforts are needed? Although the use of pesticides has been negative growth for many years, the use is still at a high level, and the utilization rate is still about 15% behind that in developed countries
.
Therefore, it is also necessary to make long-term achievements in green pesticide innovation and scientific drug use, and continue to stick to it
.
From the perspective of future work, the task of reducing the use of pesticides is arduous, and four aspects of work must be emphasized
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Strengthen pesticide scientific and technological innovation, improve pesticide quality and use technology, and comprehensively popularize scientific and safe drug use technology
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Increase the support of pesticide green development policies, and deeply promote the reduction and efficiency increase of pesticides and the control of pesticide residues
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Improve the pesticide use supervision system, clarify the responsibilities and obligations of pesticide users, and regulate pesticide use behavior
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Strengthen the construction of grass-roots disease and pest control system, continuously improve the ability of scientific pesticide use guidance service, strengthen technical training on safe drug use, promote new comprehensive prevention and control technologies, and strive to achieve scientific selection of pesticides, precise pesticide application, and safe drug use, and strive to solve the problem of farmers' disease prevention and pest control
.
How to reduce it, do you know? Source: Farmers Daily