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For a long time, scientists have wondered why almost all animals are sleeping, even though being unconscious is not conducive to survival
.
Now, researchers led by a team at the University of Tsukuba have found new evidence of brain refreshing.
Previous studies used different methods to measure the difference in cerebral blood flow between REM sleep, non-REM sleep and awake states, and came up with conflicting results
.
The research team led by Tsukuba used a technique in their latest work to directly visualize the movement of red blood cells in the brain capillaries (the place where nutrients and waste are exchanged between brain cells and blood) in mice in waking and sleeping states.
Professor Yu Hayashi, the senior author of the study, said: “We used a dye to make the blood vessels of the brain visible under fluorescent lights.
This technique is called two-photon microscopy
.
” “In this way, we can directly observe the unanaesthetized Red blood cells in the capillaries of the mouse cerebral cortex
The researchers also measured the electrical activity of the brain to identify rapid eye movement sleep, non-rapid eye movement sleep, and waking states, and looked for differences in blood flow between these stages
.
Professor Hayashi explained: "We were surprised by the results
.
" "During REM sleep, a large number of red blood cells flow through the capillaries of the brain, but there is no difference between non-REM sleep and waking state, which shows that REM sleep Active sleep is a unique state
The research team then disrupted the mice’s sleep, leading to “rebound” REM sleep, a more intense form of REM sleep, to compensate for the earlier disturbance
.
During the rebound of REM sleep, the blood flow to the brain further increases, which indicates that there is a correlation between blood flow and the intensity of REM sleep
Professor Hayashi said: "These results indicate that adenosine A2a receptors may be responsible for some changes in brain blood flow during REM sleep
.
"
Considering that the blood flow to the brain is reduced, which reduces the development of rapid eye movement sleep and Alzheimer's disease, including the accumulation of waste products in the brain, it may be interesting to address whether during REM sleep, the blood flow of the brain increases in the capillaries It is important to remove waste from the brain
.
This research lays a preliminary foundation for future studies of the role of adenosine A2a receptors in this process, which may eventually lead to the development of new therapies for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease
10.
Article title
Cerebral capillary blood flow upsurge during REM sleep is mediated by A2a receptors
