How is native soybean inferior to foreign soybean? (6.14)

OA show ('918 '); "people's Daily" May 22, 2000 news from the soybean market is unsettling In the past, the annual export volume of domestic soybeans reached one million tons, but now domestic businesses are looking forward to importing foreign soybeans Last year, the import volume reached more than 4 million tons Domestic soybean is unsalable, and farmers' income is reduced No 1, No 4? China's soybean has a glorious history, but now it is facing such an awkward situation: from the first place of world output to the fourth place It is an important reason that "native soybean" is inferior to "foreign soybean" in yield scale China's soybean glorious past is indeed proud From Zhou Dynasty to Qin and Han Dynasty, soybean has become the main crop in the Yellow River Basin In Ming and Qing Dynasties, soybean was planted in Northeast, South and Northwest China At the beginning of the 20th century, China's soybean began to enter the international market, which is as famous as tea and silk as the three famous export products By the 1930s, China's soybean output had reached 11.3 million tons, accounting for more than 90% of the world's total output and exports Due to the limitation of historical conditions and cognition, later soybean was regarded as "low yield crop", the sown area decreased greatly, and the yield decreased sharply Until the reform and opening up, after years of efforts and policy adjustments, China's soybean production began to recover from 1993, and in recent years, the output reached 14 million tons Since the 1960s, the nutritional value and other health functions of soybean have been gradually recognized by all countries in the world All countries have formulated policies to encourage the development of soybean production, and the world's soybean production has increased dramatically In the 1960s and 1970s, the United States increased the soybean planting area from several million mu to 440 million mu, accounting for more than 14% of the grain planting area At present, the annual output of soybeans in the United States has reached more than 70 million tons, accounting for half of the world's total output Brazil and Argentina are second and third in the world China's soybean production has declined from the first in the world to the fourth, and changed from a traditional soybean production and export country to an import country of soybean and its products With the expansion of soybean production scale and the reduction of production cost in the world, soybean price began to decline In the past, the price of soybeans in the international market was mostly 200 US dollars per ton, but now it is down to 170 US dollars However, the price of soybeans in China is higher than that in the world, and foreign soybeans begin to pour into China in large quantities The quality of mixed soybean is the core problem Experts believe that the low quality caused by mixed harvest is the fundamental reason why domestic soybeans are difficult to compete with foreign soybeans The content of protein and oil is the main quality index of soybean competing market It is understood that the protein and oil content of some excellent varieties of main soybean in China is even higher than that of foreign soybean Heilongjiang is the main soybean producing area in China There are more than 20 varieties, such as "kennong14", whose oil content is 1% - 2% higher than that of foreign soybean However, the oil content of domestic soybeans sold on the market is much lower than that of foreign soybeans What's the reason? Zeng Lingqing, Assistant Investigator of the grain and oil Department of the planting industry management department of the Ministry of agriculture, analyzed that the introduction and planting of soybeans in China are basically completed by one household The situation of mixed species is quite common, that is to say, it may be a superior variety with a certain index, but no matter high oil or high protein, they are all mixed into the warehouse after autumn Because soybean oil content is inversely proportional to protein index, when it is mixed, it is mixed in a large amount, resulting in neither high oil nor high protein, thus losing the quality advantage in the market competition It is reported that "Dongnong 42" bred by Northeast Agricultural University, with a protein content of 46%, is internationally recognized as "protein king" and once sold well in Japan But now it has become a mixed bean when it is purchased The average protein content has been greatly reduced, leading to Japanese merchants asking for return Many oil processing enterprises in Liaoning prefer to go to Canada, Argentina and other countries to purchase soybeans from neighboring Heilongjiang In order to break into the market with such quality, China's soybean will certainly cause market indigestion Therefore, in the past, China's annual export of soybeans reached more than one million tons, but now it imports more than three million tons every year Last year, the import exceeded four million tons, which is no wonder How to solve the problem of mixed income? Special variety planting is an effective way to solve the problem of mixed beans Last year, Heilongjiang Nongken 852 farm planted more than 40000 mu of small and large beans which are sold well in the international market After autumn, the export selling price was 3.5 yuan per kilogram, twice the price of mixed beans Peng Tielin, the head of the farm, said in introducing the situation that the farm signed contracts with foreign trade companies first, and then with villages and farmers at all levels to implement unified seed supply and unified standards to guide production, which better solved the contradiction between decentralized production and standardized requirements Zeng Lingqing told reporters that to improve the quality of soybeans, we need to solve the problem of breeding varieties urgently needed in the market, and do a good job in the research, selection, propagation and promotion of varieties In terms of planting concept, we should break the long-standing "dual-purpose" index concept Because, the oil content is required to be high, and the protein content of soybean products is required to be high; according to the market demand, we should plant by category and supply special products The pursuit of "dual-use" results can only take one thing into consideration and lose the other, resulting in market obstruction The domestic soybean industry, which we used to be proud of, has been depressed since then? Obviously not First of all, strong international market demand provides unprecedented opportunities for China's soybean industry to revive its momentum In recent years, the scientific and technological circles have a new understanding of the anti nutritional factors such as isoflavones in soybeans, especially the discovery that a variety of trace bioactive substances in soybeans can prevent and control the diseases of wealth and wealth caused by excessive nutrition, the value of soybeans has increased sharply and become a global healthy food While the United States encourages soybean planting, it also vigorously develops soybean protein production, such as defatted soybean powder, concentrated soybean protein, etc Now, there are more than 2500 kinds of food added with soy protein alone in the United States In the 1990s, soybean food grew by 10% - 15% every year in the United States, becoming one of the fastest growing industries in the food industry of the United States Under the condition of importing about 5 million tons of soybeans, Japan has formed a large-scale soybean processing industry Argentina exported 2 million tons of soybean oil in 1997, accounting for the first place in the world's export volume, so the soybean is called "miracle crop" in the country At present, the scale of soybean industry in the world has reached 100 billion US dollars Market experts from the Ministry of agriculture believe that China's soybean industry has a good foundation in the past, but now it is facing development opportunities, hiding many business opportunities Secondly, while improving the quality of soybean, steadily expanding the planting area and further increasing the per unit yield, the soybean processing industry should also be put on the important agenda Although the production of Chinese traditional bean products, represented by tofu, has a history of more than 2000 years, the development of bean products technology in China is slow, and the operation mode of "hand-held wind box burning soybean milk, stone pressing to make tofu" has lasted for thousands of years In recent years, through the introduction of foreign advanced technology, China's soybean processing industry has changed the traditional operation mode in the past, and the production efficiency has been greatly improved According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1000 automatic and semi-automatic production lines for bean products in China However, at present, there is a big gap between China's soybean processing food and developed countries in terms of variety, quantity and quality, which is far from meeting the needs of consumers It is reported that in the 1990s, the world's production of protein isolates reached more than 700000 tons, while the United States accounted for more than 300000 tons, while China only had 30000 tons The situation is overwhelming The current situation of soybean industry in China has attracted the attention of governments at all levels With the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of agriculture, the Ministry of health, the Ministry of education and the State Light Industry Administration organized and implemented the national soybean action plan Relevant soybean industry seminars have been held for many times, and improving the level of soybean industry has become a top priority 7bc China feed industry information network 7bc (author:)