How important are macrophages to the health of the body?

"This article collates a number of important recent research results published by scientists to jointly interpret the key role of macrophages in body health to share with everyone! FILE Photo: Enhanced macrophage swallowing ability promotes an inherent immune response to cancer and adaptive immune response: A new study by scientists at the University of Texas's Southwest Medical Center suggests that a combination of immunotherapy drugs that encourages some immune cells to devour cancer cells and warns other cells that a combination of other cells attack tumors can prolonge a mouse with a deadly brain cancer called glioblastomaThe findings, published recently in the journal May could lead to new treatments that may significantly prolong the survival of human glioblastoma patientsEven patients with glioblastoma, who use the most advanced current treatment, have an average survival span of only a monthThe immune system has two branches: one is the innate immune system, which is an evolutionary system that constantly scans the body and "eats" foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses through a process called phagocytosis: the other is adaptive immunity which provides a more targeted and stronger response based on memories obtained from previously exposed pathogensThese branches overlap to some extent: the innate immune system, for example, trains the adaptive immune system to know how to use potential pathogens encountered to concentrate its energy on targetsSub-journal: Putting a backpack on macrophages makes macrophage immunotherapy possible: In a new study, researchers from Harvard University's Wise Institute of Biological Inspiration Engineering and others offer a new solution to the problem: building cytokines-secreting "backpacks" for macrophages to keep them in tumor-killing state for days and finding that they slow tumor growth and reduced metastasis in invasive breast cancer mouse modelsThe findings are published in the journalThe researchers say the study shows that macrophages are highly adaptable cells that respond strongly to stimuli in the environment but they can also be a problem when they accept to tell them to do stimulus signals that are actually harmful to the body, such as helping cancer grow or metastasisWe have demonstrated that it is possible to keep macrophages in an ideal state by providing continuous stimulation through these backpack particlesWe hope that one day this technology will be used to treat a variety of diseases associated with immune dysfunctionActivation of tumor-related macrophages to fight cancer: Cancer immunotherapy is continuing to revolutionize patient care with hope and good news for patientsHowever, only a few patients responded to the treatment, which led to the development of strategies to further address the immune-suppressing tumor environmentIn a recent report, others developed a way to enhance the immune response to tumors by preventing tumor-related macrophages from removing dying tumor cellsCells that die in tumors and whole body are removed by macrophagesThese phagocytosis cells identify dead cells, including the primary cancer gene tyrosine kinase, through numerous cell surface receptorsCell burial effects usually occur early in the death of a target cell before cell contents such as cell fragments or release of these substances can act as inflammatory irritantsThus, the removal of preventable inflammation contributes to the immune tolerance of solid tumorsOur scientists have revealed that cholesterol metabolism in targeted macrophages can remove viral infections: recent evidence suggests a link between cholesterol metabolism and innate immunityAfter infection with the virus, macrophages showed a decrease in cholesterol synthesis and increased expression of antiviral genes, including interferonsThe accumulation of hydroxy cholesterol can be induced, which prevents the virus from invadingBut it is not clear whether other cholesterol-related metabolites or enzymes regulate innate immunityIn a new study, Wang Hongyan () and Professor Wei Bin () of the Institute of Molecular Cell Science Excellence at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences collaborated with Professor Wei Bin () of Shanghai University to screen the expression levels of multiple enzymes that regulate cholesterol metabolism to better understand how cholesterol metabolites fight viral infectionsThe findings were recently published in the journalIn order to find enzymes involved in the viral infection or the corresponding natural cholesterol metabolites, the researchers screened genes for differential expression of liver tissue from patients infected with the hepatitis B virus () and mice infected with the herpes-based oral inflammatory virus ()Dehydrogenated cholesterol reduction enzyme ( ) is an enzyme that converts dehydrogenation cholesterol ( ) into cholesterolPatients with mutations suffer from intellectual disabilitiesBut its role in innate immunity is unclearThis new study shows that knockout gene or inhibitor therapy can promote activation and the production of interferon (beta) to remove multiple viruses in the body or in vitroLocally updated sliding membrane macrophages provide a protective barrier for joints: macrophages are considered to be the trigger for chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritisHowever, the exact origin and effect of macrophages in inflammatory joint diseases remain unclearA recent study published in the German journal Published in the German journal found that a group of tissue-resident macrophages (the sliding membrane lining macrophages) can be tightly connected to form an immune barrier to form a dynamic membrane structure to limit the inflammatory responseIn this study, the researchers used a combination of 3D photofluonosis microscopes and single-cell sequencing to conduct a comprehensive space-time analysis of the composition, origin, and differentiation of macrophages in health and joint inflammation, and to study the role of these macrophages in arthritisThe researchers found that a dynamic membrane-like structure made up of tissue-resident macrophages forms an internal immune barrier in the sliding membrane lining and physically isolates the joints These barrier-forming macrophages exhibit epithelial cells's unique characteristics and maintain their numbers through a pool of mononucleocytes embedded in the local proliferation of sliding membrane tissue Unlike the macrophages of the single-core cell source recruited, these epithelial-lined macrophages provide a tightly connected, mediated barrier to the joint structure, limiting the inflammatory response FILE PHOTO: Enhanced macrophage anti-inflammatory function promises to treat a variety of human inflammatory diseases: A recent study published in the international journal, scientists from the University of Illinois, have identified a special molecular switch that helps macrophages clean up the remains of cells left over by infection rather than causing inflammatory tissue damage Macrophages are a particular type of immune cells present in the body which can produce inflammation and moderate inflammation is very beneficial because inflammatory signals take other immune cells to specific sites to clear infections However, when inflammation gets out of hand, it triggers a series of inflammatory diseases that cause excessive cell and tissue damage and thus an irreversible cycle when macrophages play a key role in reducing the inflammatory response after swallowing the remains of cells or promoting inflammation, and the mechanism by which macrophages can switch back and forth between two distinct roles is not known to researchers : New discoveries! Inhibit macrophage death or hopefully treat rheumatoid arthritis! In a recent study published in the international journal, scientists from the University of Cologne and others identified a new molecular mechanism that causes rheumatoid arthritis Researchers found that macrophage death or rheumatoid arthritis occurs Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease which often affects the body's joints and often causes patients to develop pain and then lead to bone erosion and joint deformation; rheumatoid arthritis affects the health of about the population there is no effective treatment at present but taking anti-inflammatory drugs can effectively slow the progression of the disease in most patients Researchers do not know the molecular mechanism of the disease or help scientists develop new treatments for rheumatoid arthritis Revealing the mechanisms by which macrophages self-sacrifice protects us from bacterial invasions: as winter approaches, the immune system is working overtime Gastroenteritis can turn the strongest person into a bedridden rehabilitation The virus is spreading in kindergarten This year's flu is in full play Knowing that a group of specialized immune cell macrophages is willing to self-burst to inform other cells about this danger may provide some comfort But the flu is a strange thing The same bacteria and viruses don't attack everyone at the same intensity Some people are really sick and others are not Why is this happening? What happens to the body when viruses and bacteria invade the body? Scientists are interested in this problem One of them is a professor at the Center for Molecular Inflammation Research at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology He is one of Norway's leading experts in how bacteria attack humans There is no choice of the most researchable bacteria He chose to focus on a very harmful bacteria called Yersinia pestis ( ) which was the culprit behind the Black Death outbreak Yes, the bacteria killed a third of Europe's population in the fourteenth century Given that the bacteria is a very deceptive bacteria specifically he will study it for life Yersinia pestis manipulate the body's immune system to hide from it and kill cells used in the body's immune system :: Macrophages are necessary to maintain the activity of breast stem cells: In a new study, researchers from the United States and the Netherlands focused on a type of ligand called ligand that is highly expressed in a rich group of breast epithelial cells Conditional knockout in breast epithelial cells can lead to significant delays in branch patterns during breast development and lead to insufficient alveoli formation during pregnancy and lactation, suggesting that mediated pathways play a key role in breast development, published in the journal The researchers found that both virgin mice and pregnant mice had a decreased number of conditional knockout mice at different stages of breast development In addition, they used reported mice to find that expression enrichment was medium and positive had greater regenerative potential than negative On the reporting mice, genealogical tracing revealed that positive seisquid can produce breast base cells and tube cell cells Conditional knockout mice showed a significant decline in the number of breast macrophages The molecular characteristics of breast macrophages include the concentration of components in the signaling pathway, which makes them different from macrophages in other tissues Research reveals how macrophages use acid to kill pathogens: macrophages are the body's first line of defense against pathogens, and phage acidification is a necessary step for macrophages to remove pathogens Recently, researchers from the Center for Molecular Medicine research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and other institutions, led by professors, found that bicarbonate transporters (macrophages that are rapidly expressed in large quantities after differentiation) are necessary for phagocytosis The results of the study are published in the journal The researchers found that the absence reduced the acidification of the beads or bacteria that the human macrophage line had to swallow, thereby reducing its ability to have antibacterial strains in the cells Wild rather than mutant phenotypes affect the ability to transport bicarbonate or to locate the surface of cells The absence causes an increase in cytoplasm acidity during phagocytosis, which suggests that macrophage-mediated, bicarbonate-driven cytoplasm maintenance is critical to phagocytosis () More wonderful counts! Stay tuned!