How "golden corn belt" creates the past glory again

Introduction: no crops can make Jilin people worried like corn, and no food can make Jilin people have such complex emotions like corn In recent years, the corn favored by Jilin people has been overstocked due to poor sales, resulting in the increasing storage pressure and financial pressure of grain enterprises and governments The aging and handling of a batch of grain is even more painful After China's accession to the WTO, according to relevant regulations, the import quota of foreign corn will reach 5.95 million tons this year, which is equivalent to 5.5% of the domestic output and about 10% of the commodity volume In the face of this situation, Jilin Province has set off a "save corn" action However, facing the pressure from the market and circulation, it is not easy for Jilin people to make the golden corn belt shine again At the end of the "golden age" of corn, Jilin Province has the only corn belt in China, which is called the "three golden corn belts" in the world together with the American corn belt and the Ukrainian corn belt of the same latitude It stretches over 31 million mu of arable land in 13 counties and cities of Jilin Province, with a normal annual corn commodity volume of about 10 billion kg In the era of food shortage, the stable and high-yield corn quickly replaced the "soybean and Sorghum" and became the dominant variety of Jilin crops Jilin corn not only contributes to balancing the national grain supply and demand and stabilizing the grain market, but also benefits the farmers According to statistics, since the reform and opening up, Jilin Province has provided more than 300 billion kg of commodity grain for the country, and Jilin Province has provided 1 / 10 of the commodity grain for 1 / 25 of the country's cultivated land, so it has won the title of "food market regulator" and "regulating valve" In the mid-1980s, the per capita income of Jilin farmers ranked the fourth after the three municipalities directly under the central government Wang Jian, deputy secretary-general of Changchun Municipal Committee and director of agriculture office, introduced that Jilin Province, one of the top ten grain producing counties in China, accounted for six, four of which were concentrated in Changchun Driven by policy and practical interests, the corn planting area of Changchun City expanded rapidly By the mid-1990s, the corn planting area of Changchun City had exceeded 70% of the cultivated area After autumn, the southern grain enterprises in Jilin Province try to rush to buy, "seller's market" is reflected incisively and vividly However, in the new century, China's accession to the WTO means the end of Jilin corn's "golden age" Since the end of 1990s, with the change of the supply and demand of domestic grain market, Jilin corn has been trapped in the embarrassment of "no income, no storage, no sales" By the end of February this year, the province's normal grain storage capacity of 20 billion kg or so had stored 40.19 billion kg of grain, the highest level in history, according to figures provided by Jilin Provincial Grain Bureau Among them, 36.18 billion kg of commodity grain depot accounts for 90% of the total inventory, and 26.41 billion kg of corn accounts for 73% of the commodity inventory Nong'an county is the "top grain producing county in China" in 1995, 1996 and 1998 In recent years, the grain output has been stable at the level of 2 billion kg Gao Shiquan, deputy director of the county agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, said that when the protection price per kilogram of corn was about 1 yuan, the gross income per hectare of cultivated land was nearly 10000 yuan Nowadays, the continuous decrease of protection price has made farmers fall into the situation of high yield and low yield and low efficiency "The title of a big grain farmer can't be worn now!" There are 5 xinminxiang's family living in 4 low bungalows in niuweishan village, yangshulin Township, the county There are only simple things in the house, and the walls are covered with newspapers It is difficult to see that his family is a big grain grower with 10 hectares of arable land Xin Minxiang said: "after the grain depot withholds water and miscellaneous materials, this year, the net income of corn per kilogram is only about 720 yuan, and the net income of corn per hectare is only about 500 yuan." The huge gap between RMB 10000 and RMB 500 per hectare makes xinminxiang, a farmer who grows corn as the main source of income, in a dilemma After the re positioning of corn "identity" into WTO, will the golden corn belt never recover in the face of a large number of corn import quotas? What is the way out for Jilin corn? Should the golden corn belt gradually withdraw from corn cultivation? Since 1998, Jilin Province has begun to adjust the planting structure In the face of the "surplus" situation of grain production, we should vigorously reduce the planting area of ordinary corn The area of grain crops has been reduced from 55 million mu in the mid-1990s to about 50 million mu at present The area of common corn planting has been reduced from 35 million mu to 27 million mu last year, and the area of economic crops has increased relatively Although the adjustment of planting structure partially alleviated the pressure of corn collection, storage and sales, a single measure could not fundamentally change the passive situation of Jilin corn Experts believe that considering the advantages of Jilin province's climate resources and ensuring national food security and other factors, the current corn area in Jilin Province has been compressed to the "bottom line" In the next few years, the method of unloading inventory and financial "burden" by compressing corn planting area will fail The transformation of Jilin corn from "grain advantage" to "grain burden" is under the background of the change of grain supply and demand in China and the impact of imported corn on the domestic market after China's accession to the WTO However, the decision-makers in Jilin Province have begun to realize that there is no longer a subjective reason for the scenery of corn in Jilin Province, that is, in the face of the transformation of corn "identity" - from grain to feed crops and cash crops, Jilin Province has always used it as rations for planting, storage, transportation, marketing and management "It's time for us to recognize corn again," said Hong Hu, the governor of Jilin Province Corn is a crop with three functions It is a grain crop (ration), which can be used as a forage and also as a raw material for industrial processing From the perspective of food itself, it has two attributes First, in terms of use value, it is an essential means of life In the era of shortage economy, it is an important strategic material, which is of great significance to maintain social stability Second, food itself is a commodity, which can only realize value through exchange In the era of food shortage, the first attribute of Jilin corn is obvious The management of corn acquisition, storage, circulation and other links at that time corresponds to the use value of corn mainly for food and the position of its strategic materials The most obvious feature is the planned allocation of corn in the circulation field by the state With the situation of grain supply and demand in our country changing from short supply to general balance of supply and demand, there is a serious backlog of corn in Jilin Province At this time, the commodity attribute of corn becomes more and more prominent, and its main circulation channel changes from state allocation to market circulation At present, the main use value of corn has changed from ration to feed and industrial raw materials At present, only 13% of corn is used for ration, 60% for feed processing, and the rest for industrial raw materials However, the operation and management of corn in Jilin Province has stagnated in the status of ration: as feed processing and industrial raw material, processing enterprises require corn to have a fairly standard content of protein, starch and oil, but now the grain department has not even promoted the use of such quality inspection instruments; the same problem still exists in the grain management links such as storage and sales, grain storage enterprises It is difficult to achieve the "high quality and good price" of grain sold to farmers fundamentally Vision of "corn economy" Through repositioning the "identity" of maize, and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of Jilin Maize in the domestic and foreign markets, Jilin province puts forward the strategy of developing "corn economy", which gives black land a chance to rebuild confidence, polish the increasingly bleak golden corn halo, and also gives a glimmer of hope to the pessimistic people of northeast corn The so-called "corn economy" is to treat corn production, circulation, processing and management according to the changes of market demand, the main uses of corn feed, industrial raw materials and their commodity attributes, so as to solve the current problem of heavy corn burden in Jilin Province and form a new industrial economy Experts from agriculture, grain, marketing and other departments of Jilin province think that after entering WTO, Jilin corn will face three challenges: first, the production cost is too high The price of corn in Jilin is more than 30% higher than that in the international market; secondly, the circulation cost is high Taking Changchun City as an example, the average storage period of corn is about 3 years, which is much longer than that of developed countries for less than 1 year, and the cost of a ton of corn will be increased by several hundred yuan every year; thirdly, after entering WTO, the situation of Jilin corn export supported by the state subsidy policy will be broken, which will make the export volume accounting for about 1 / 3 of the sales volume unsustainable At the same time, China's corn import quota is 5.95 million tons this year, and will increase year by year in the future, reaching 7.2 million tons by 2004 In addition, the opening of grain market in southern China and the withdrawal of corn from non main production areas from the purchase scope of protection price all push the corn in Jilin Province to the position of "difficult to sell at high price" Wang Lin, deputy director of Jilin Provincial Agricultural Committee, said that starting from this year, Jilin Province should start from changing the planting mode, reducing production costs, transforming value-added and other aspects to fully promote the development of "corn economy" First of all, we should vigorously promote the regional, standardized, specialized and large-scale cultivation of corn, withdraw corn from the unsuitable areas in the East and West, and further concentrate it in the middle During the Tenth Five Year Plan period, 10 million mu feed corn production base, 10 million mu industrial raw material corn production base and 5 million mu edible corn base will be built Second, we should make full use of the abundant feed resources in Jilin Province, accelerate the conversion of corn into corn, and build a large animal husbandry industry After several years of efforts, the development of Jilin animal husbandry has completed the transformation from the dominant industry to the leading industry Last year, the total output value of animal husbandry in Jilin Province was 28.62 billion yuan, accounting for 43.3% of the total agricultural output value Last year, the per capita meat volume in Jilin Province reached 94.8 kg, ranking the first in China for three consecutive years The price of meat products in Jilin Province is about 40% lower than that in the international market Through the development of animal husbandry, the disadvantage of high cost of corn is transformed into the relative price competitive advantage of animal products, which is one of the "killer maces" for golden corn to meet the challenge of entering WTO Third, we should strengthen the "corn economy" with the emphasis on enhancing industrial relevance Make full use of the diversified properties of corn, develop new products and fields of corn deep processing and transformation, and make corn enter the market with more end products In the next few years, Jilin Province will build a number of large-scale leading enterprises relying on high-tech processing and transformation of corn, and actively develop high-tech products such as anhydrous alcohol, modified starch, starch sugar and degradable plastics Focus on the construction of Jilin fuel ethanol Co., Ltd annual output of 600000 tons of fuel ethanol project, Dacheng 3 million tons of corn deep processing, Huanglong company annual output of 100000 tons of starch sugar and other projects "To participate in the circulation of international grain market is an indispensable link for the development of corn economy in Jilin Province," said Yang Qingcai, vice governor of Jilin Province Jilin plans to build a 5 million mu high-quality corn export base, and according to the goal of 5 billion kg of corn exported annually in the province, the province's high-quality corn export base will be expanded to about 10 million mu at the end of the Tenth Five Year Plan period He said that it is not wishful thinking to build a high-quality corn export base in Jilin Province, because China's neighboring grain importing countries have a large amount of demand and habit of importing corn from Northeast China, plus the international market