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Researchers at Mount Sinai University have discovered a previously unknown mechanism in which non-malignant cells from early-stage breast cancer tumors metastasize to other organs and eventually "boot" and become metastatic breast cancer
Published in the April issue of Cancer Research, the researchers also showed the ability of the transcription factor NR2F1, a protein that controls expression outside genes, to stop the spread of pre-malignant cells, This may be an important diagnostic tool for predicting recurrence
"The current challenge in managing patients with early-stage breast cancer (eg, patients with lesions such as non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ), is that, despite local invasive surgery or post-operative recurrence-reducing radiation, the risk of dying from breast cancer is the same," the paper said.
A small percentage of patients with early-stage breast cancer never develop an aggressive breast tumor, the expected course of metastatic breast cancer
The researchers used animal models and patients' precancerous breast cancer cells, 3D cultures, and high-resolution microscopy to study how these precancerous cells spread
The authors found that precancerous cells express both low levels of NR2F1 and high levels of PRRX1 in patient ductal carcinoma in situ tissue, making them a specific subpopulation of precancerous cells with dissemination potential
