How does the brain balance happiness and pain? May be another cause of depression.

Abdominal pale ball (pictured VP), the information processing center in the mouse brain comes from: Li lab/CSHL, 2019the ability to identify and respond to potential rewards and punishments is regulated to some extent by the ventral pallidum (VP) part of the brainTo explore how different types of neurons ensure that animals respond appropriately to the signals associated with these two motivations, Professor Bo Li and others used a flash to monitor the activity of individual brain cells in vp sites by training mice to link certain sounds to a mouthful of water (reward) or a mouthful of air (punishment)It was also found that the use of GABA neurotransmitters to suppress active neurons in the circuit that affected motivation was essential in stimulating mice to seek water rewards, and that the use of glutamate neurotransmitters to stimulate neurons in the brain circuit was also necessary to avoid the punishment of air expansionmonitoring of individual brain cell activity comes from: Li lab/CSHL, 2019when faced with compound stimulation of reward sand and punishment, mice with different conditions respond differentlyFor example, thirsty animals are more likely to get a mouthful of water at the risk of inhaling air than those who have just been drinking enough waterBut if the researchers artificially altered VP's activity balance by manipulating one of the neurons, it would change the animal's behaviorinhibit or stimulate the balance between the signals of VP neurons in the cerebral cortex, which is critical to controlling behavioral motivation in animals, Professor Bo Li speculates that changes in behavior in patients with depression or stress disorder may be caused by changes in this circuit, and future research teams will delve deeper into the causes and symptoms of these diseasesReferences:s.1?