How does stress affect your health? It's really important to grasp!

In this paper, the small compilation of a number of research results, a common interpretation of how stress affects body health, to share with you! Photo source: intelligencer.com [1] nature: early stress can help prolong life doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1814-y a new study published in the journal Nature found that some stress at a young age can actually prolong life Researchers at the University of Michigan found that oxidative stress experienced early in life increases resistance later in life Oxidative stress occurs when cells produce more oxidants and free radicals It's part of the aging process, but it can also come from stress conditions such as exercise and calorie restriction The researchers say that the worms that produce more oxidants during development live longer than those that produce less oxidants If life span is determined only by genes and environment, we can expect that all worms with the same inheritance growing in the same culture dish will die at about the same time However, in reality, some worms can only survive for three days, while others can still walk happily after 20 days, so the question is, apart from genetics and environment, what causes the huge difference in life span? 【2】 SCI adv: break traditional cognition! Moderate stress may make you live longer! Doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1165 a description of chromatin structural defects or chromatin pressure can trigger a response to promote longevity in cells Recently, a study published in the international journal Science Advanced found that moderate chromatin pressure level (moderate chromatin pressure level) was found by researchers from Baylor Medical College and other institutions Stress) can induce stress response in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse embryonic stem cells The results show that the chromatin stress response and the longevity mediated by it may also exist in other organisms, which may provide researchers with new ideas to develop new strategies to intervene human aging and promote longevity Researcher Weiwei Dang said that chromatin pressure refers to the interference and destruction of DNA arrangement in the nucleus, and one of the more influential factors of chromatin structure is histone In the nucleus, DNA can wrap around histone to form a kind of thread bead structure (chromatin) Other proteins will bind along chromatin, and this structure will further fold to form a more complex structure All things related to DNA must deal with chromatin structure For example, when special genes are expressed, specific enzymes will interact with chromatin structure to promote the translation of special genes into proteins When chromatin pressure occurs, interference of chromatin structure will lead to unexpected changes in gene expression, such as gene expression when it should not be expressed, or when it should be There was a lack of expression during expression 【3】 How to deal with the pressure of smart phones in our daily life? How to deal with smartphone stress In the past decade, smart phones have gradually become an indispensable part of our daily life We spend an average of four hours on smart phones every day More and more studies show that smart phones can interfere with our sleep, work efficiency, mental health and impulse control Even if there is a smart phone in hand, it will reduce our available cognition Ability But recent research shows that we should pay more attention to the fact that smart phones may shorten the life span of the body by increasing the level of cortisol, one of the main stress hormones in the body When the body is under threat, cortisol is often mistaken as the main "war or flight" hormone (in fact, adrenaline is playing a role) to promote the body to take action The body will produce cortisol under pressure, but its role is to promote the body to maintain a high level of vigilance by increasing blood sugar level and inhibiting the immune system The production of cortisol is very useful for the health of the body when dealing with the direct physical threats that are solved rapidly However, when we face the continuous emotional pressure, the long-term high cortisol will cause a variety of health problems, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and depression, including heart disease and stroke As well as dementia, the risk of multiple diseases will also increase, leading to premature death of individuals 【4】 BIOL psych: stress could affect baby's brain, say researchers In a study by psychiatry, scientists from King's college, University of London, found that women's stress before and during pregnancy may affect the development of fetal brain In this study, researchers analyzed the relationship between maternal stress and fetal brain development in 251 preterm infants for the first time They found that the development of uncinate fasciculus in the brain of infants born to mothers who experienced more prenatal stress would be significantly damaged In the article, the researchers asked mothers to complete a questionnaire, which included their experiences in stress events, including daily stress such as moving house or taking exams, and severe stress such as bereavement, separation or divorce The severity of stress was calculated according to the stress they experienced and the severity of the stress, which may be directly related to the brain development of infants Guan, the researchers used a medical imaging technology called diffusion tensor imaging to observe the structure of white matter in the baby's brain Previously, the researchers believed that white matter tract is related to the occurrence of anxiety, and adults with anxiety often show changes in white matter tract 【5】 Neuron: new research reveals the relationship between stress and biological clock doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.007 recently, a research report published in the international journal Neuron, scientists from the University of Minnesota School of Medicine found that proper stress can make circadian clock better and faster Research in the past decades has found that our bodies have evolved a set of mechanisms called biological clocks, which drive the rhythms of almost every cell internally, while the activities of circadian clocks are affected by various signals in the cell In this paper, researchers focus on the interaction between cell stress signals and biological clocks Cells respond to various stress signals by activating a signal transduction cascade centered on the protein eIF2 α, which is the key factor to coordinate protein synthesis in cells In human central clock, stress will cause the rhythmic phosphorylation of eIF2 α, thus promoting the production of ATF4 protein The ATF4 protein activates the per2 gene and eventually makes the clock rotate faster Researchers have obtained It is concluded that this mechanism is essential for maintaining a stable circadian rhythm Photo source: cc0 public domain [6] nature: new research shows how stress weakens defense capability doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1524-5 Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Nature, researchers revealed how the "escape" response damages the long-term health of the body This research is carried out in online worms, and Caenorhabditis elegans is a common research model When people perceive danger or stress, the body releases stress hormones such as adrenaline Adrenaline makes the heart beat faster, increases blood flow to the brain and muscles, and stimulates the body to produce sugar as a fuel The surge in adrenaline triggers a "fight or flight" response, enabling people to flee predators or respond to threats The effect of nematodes repeatedly activating "fight or flight" response on health was studied This small worm is a popular biological model, which helps to solve many basic problems in biology, from development to brain function and disease Animals are under different forms of pressure These changes can be sudden, such as the emergence of carnivores, or gradual, such as chronic food shortages, high temperatures, or oxidation 【7】 Autophagy: scientists have revealed the molecular mechanism of chronic stress-induced brain injury doi: 10.1080/15548627.2019.163022, a research report published in the international journal autophagy, scientists from Daqiu Qingbang University of science and technology have found that chronic stress may promote adult hippocampal neural stem cells The autophagic death of NSCs is expected to help the development of new therapies for stress-related neurological diseases Chronic stress is often directly related to a variety of mental disorders, such as depression Nowadays, these diseases, such as schizophrenia, have become more and more serious social problems for many people Stress even increases the risk of individuals suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease However, researchers are not clear about the specific mechanisms behind brain function damage Previous animal studies have shown that the new neurons in stressed mice are There is less occurrence of NSCs, and apoptosis is not found in NSCs, which may lead to a conclusion that cell death is not related to the loss of NSCs in the body under stress, so the cause of the decline of adult neurogenesis level still exists, especially in the large brain of adults 【8】 Why does stress affect our sleep? News reading: how stress can affect your sleep will not only damage your health, but also prevent you from getting a reasonable sleep; researchers from Baylor Medical College explained how stress affects your night plan, and how you can sleep more when your life becomes busy, and stress will affect sleep in different ways People who are stressed will over think about work, family, finance, etc For teenagers and young people in schools, this kind of pressure usually focuses on exams and other important tasks When a person tries to fall asleep, these thoughts continue and lead to many interruptions in sleep patterns Researchers say that high-intensity stress can extend the time of falling asleep, make sleep fragmented and affect sleep Lack of sleep can trigger our body's stress response system, leading to the rise of stress hormone, cortisol, which further disrupts sleep; sleep plays an important role in learning and memory Long term sleep deprivation is also associated with metabolic and endocrine disorders 【9】 Mol Cell: heavyweight! For the first time, it was found that oxidative stress can shorten telomere and accelerate cell aging Doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.024 was believed to cause the same source of oxidative stress on cells Pollution, exhaust gas, smoking and obesity are all related to cell telomere shortening Telomere is the "protective cap" at the end of chromosome Recently, an international journal published in molecular In the cell report, scientists from the University of Pittsburgh accelerated cell aging by studying for the first time to determine whether oxidative stress might directly affect telomeres Professor Patricia opresko, the researcher, said that telomeres are made up of hundreds of guanine bases, which are the "sink" for oxidation Is that just a coincidence? perhaps