How do I turn on the switch of the body temperature regulation system?

, June 23, 2020 /PRNewswire
/ -- Mammals' body temperature is strictly controlled and is usually kept within 0.5 degrees of average body temperature (37 degrees Celsius) for life, however, lack of food can cause some mammals to go into a sleep-like state, called sleep or hibernation, which usually depends on the duration, in which the body's body temperature drops5-10 degrees to save energy, in some cases even more; animals also increase their body temperature (fever) to cope with infection, which slows the replication of some foreign invaders and increases the chances of survival; scientists have long known that these regulating functions are done through neurons in the front of the brain, but researchers don't know the specific identities and related connections of these neurons; a recent study published in the journal natureResearcherTakahashi and others have completely changed scientists' understanding of the function of pre-visual neurons in the core of thermoregulationPhoto Credit: Clifford BSaper, et alNature(2020) doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01600-5
decades of research on body temperature regulation have produced a new model in which excitatory neurons in the pre-front almanthuative region called pre-center view pre-nuclear can be activated by skin warming, which are active by the heating of the skinIt activates inhibitory neurons in the nearby brain region (the inner pre-visual region), which can express enzymes called glutamate deglutinase (GAD) to synthesize the heterogeneous neurotransmitter molecule GABA, and the researchers say the models assume that neurons released by GABA are then projected into other regions of the brain and inhibit the activation of neurons that promote heat production and preservation in that regionTherefore, GABA can cause neurons to cool down the body, in a cool temperature, pre-GABA energy neurons will be inhibited, thus releasing the heat production and preservation of heat restrictions, however, during inflammatory diseases, lipid protaglavin E2 can be released and the neurons EP3 receptor protein, so that it is inhibited, so that can promote the body's response to participate in feverHowever, a series of studies have shown that pre-visual neurons that cause cooling after activation express specialgeneticmarkers, including fragments and receptors that encode specific proteins, and the results of these markers show that the key neurons that cause cooling are located in the inner pre-nuclear region and do not in the pre-inner pre-view region, and the results show that neurons in the pre-visual region that promote low temperatures can release the excited molecule glutine as their main nerve transmissionThe plasmids, not GABA, are like many other cells in the pre-visual region, which contain GAD and do not express GABA transporter protein, which needs to be loaded into synaptic bubbles, which allow the neurotransmitter to be released from the cells, whereas neurons express the free-up glutamate transport protein, which is not inhibitiveagainst this backdrop, the researchers described in the mouse body a genetic marker of a specific subgroup of pre-visual body temperature-regulating neurons, a gene that encodes protein fragments QRFP, and then genetically modified mice so that neurons that express QRFP can be injected with a gene called chlor-nitrogen-pinNN-n-The small molecules of oxides are activated, and this chemical genetic activates can make the animal unable to move and cause the body's body temperature to drop to about 23-24 degrees, a low temperature associated with a decrease in heart rate and respiratory and metabolic rates, similar to what is observed in a dormant or hibernating state The researchers then obtained mice that were activated to activate axon terminals or specific QRFP neurons, and researcherhratin and colleagues used different methods to study, analyzing a marker indicating neuronal activity to identify groups of neurons activated during sleep caused by 24-hour food deprivation, where active neurons are distributed similarly to QRFP cells, and many neuronal cells express PACAP related studies have shown that there are a variety of temperature-regulating neuronsubgroups in the positive-center prenuclear region that gather together, and each subgroup is differentiated by a unique gene expression pattern, in which QRFP cell groups seem to be particularly important for producing low temperatures, a process that is necessary when the animal body does not have enough food to maintain normal metabolic and activity levels At this point, the animal experiences daily sleep/numbness If a cell subgroup similar to the expression of QRFP neurons is found in the human body, it may represent a way to induce hypothermia, such as slowing down the metabolic process or helping to limit tissue damage in the body after a heart attack or stroke; QRFP neurons regulate a large range of body temperature, which suggests that their subgroups of other temperature-regulating neurons at the center of the pre-view nucleus may be the center of the brain's temperature regulation system; if these neurons are excited, if they play a role in the neurons that produce and store heat, they must produce an inhibitory association, which is almost certainly made up of local inhibitory neurons called intermediate neurons This new model requires us to reconsider our understanding of body temperature regulation, especially the physiological role of different mid-pre-visual temperature-regulating neuron subgroups in genetic (BioValleyBioon.com) References: Clifford B Saper and Natalia L S Machado Flipping the switch on the body's thermoregulatory system , Nature
(2020) doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01600-5
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