How can nanoparticles help cancer research?

!--webeditor: page title"--In this article, a small compilation of important research published by scientists, let's take a look at how nanoparticles can help scientists in the field of cancer research, share for you! Photo Credit: University of Queensland Nat Cell Biol: Nanoparticles can be used to treat reviral lymphoma: 10.1038/s41556-020-0507-y According to a recent paper published in the journal Nature Cell Biology, researchers from UConn have found that a commonly used chemotherapy drug may be re-used to treat relapse or drug-resistant leukemia. One of the biggest problems
cancer treatment is that cancer cells develop resistance to treatment.
15 to 20 percent of children and up to two-thirds of adult leukemia patients will have relapses.
the five-year survival rate of adult patients after recurrence was less than 30%.
for children, the five-year survival rate after recurrence is about two-thirds.
chemotherapy does not improve the prognosis of these patients when it recurs, so there is an urgent need to develop a therapy that can target drug-resistant cells more effectively.
Wnt-beta-catenin and PI3K-Akt are two different cell signaling pathways that play a key role in stem cell regulation and tumor regeneration.
the co-activation of the Wnt-beta-catenin and PI3K-Akt pathways drives the cells to self-renew, leading to cancer recurrence.
PNAS: Nanoparticles stimulate the immune system and help it attack tumors doi: 10.1073/pnas.20015691117 to suppress the immune system, so these types of treatments are not suitable for all patients.
MIT engineers have now come up with a way to improve the effectiveness of a cancer immunotherapy.
they showed that if mice were treated with existing checkpoint inhibitors and new nanoparticles to further stimulate the immune system, the treatment would be more effective than using checkpoint inhibitors alone.
researchers say this approach could benefit a larger percentage of patients with cancer immunotherapy.
": "These treatments are very effective in a small number of patients, while in others they are not working at all.
it's not entirely clear why this difference is there," said Dr. Colin Buss, lead author of the new study.
MIT team devised a way to package and transmit small segments of DNA, enhance the immune response to tumors, create synergies, and make checkpoint inhibitors more effective.
in a study of mice, they found that double therapy can stop tumor growth and, in some cases, other parts of the body.
: New gold nanoparticles or special signals that are expected to detect cancer cells: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3223, scientists from the University of Queensland and other institutions have developed a new blood test that can use gold nanoparticles to detect cancer, a new method that can identify the special signals released by cancer cells.
based on this new method, researchers can detect and monitor extracellular vesicles (EVs) in a patient's blood, and researchers can help develop more effective and individualized cancer strategies by quickly determining the progress of the therapy, said researcher Jing Wang, a new generation of potential biomarkers in the blood that are the constant release of nanoparticles from healthy cells and cancer cells that enable cell-to-cell communication.
EVs, like small bubbles, can help transport "goods" such as DNA, proteins and other molecules that reveal many events in cells, while cancer cells can also use EVs nanoparticles to control the cells around them while suppressing and manipulating the host's immune system, and the researchers develop new techniques that test blood samples from melanoma patients, while also detecting cancer-derived EVs and tracking changes in the patient's body during and after therapy.
: Nat Mater: Break the rules! Reveal new mechanisms for nanoparticles to enter tumors! Doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0566-2 Researchers from the University of Toronto found that it was an active, rather than passive, process that determines which nanoparticles enter solid tumors, a finding that upends previous ideas in the field of cancer nanomedicine and points the way for more effective nanotherapy, the findings of which were published recently in the journal Nature Materials.
the mainstream theory of cancer nanomedicine is that nanoparticles spread passively into tumors mainly through tiny gaps between endothelial cells.
endothelial cells are arranged on the inner wall of blood vessels to support tumor growth.
researchers previously showed that less than 1% of nanoparticle drugs reach their tumor targets.
in the current study, the team found that more than 95 percent of the nanoparticles that can penetrate tumors can pass through endothelial cells, rather than in the gaps between them.
: Receptor-targeted nanoparticles for primary and metastatic breast cancer doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3931, because many nanocarriers and targeted molecules are nonspecifically bound to cell, extracellular and intravascular components, the development of effective tumor cell targeting nanopharmaceutical agents is considerable challenge.
researchers from the University of Maryland School of Medicine and others recently developed a therapeutic nanoparticle therapy platform that balances cell surface receptor-specific binding affinity while maintaining minimal interaction with blood and tumor tissue components (called "DART" nanoparticles) to improve blood circulation time, biological distribution, and tumor cell-specific ingestion.
Photo Source: Science Advances 6 Science Sub-Journal: Dual-targeted tumor selective nanoparticles deliver immuno-gene therapy for cancer !--/ewebeditor: page-!---page-title-page-"-doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5032 Although immunotherapy has great promise in the fight against micro-tumor environment and systemic toxicity, it is limited due to its limited efficacy.
to overcome these difficulties, researchers from Taiwan's National Tsinghua University and other units recently reported a combination of immunotherapy that improves the anti-cancer effects and avoids systemic toxicity through the use of an efficient and tumor-selective gene vector.
in this study, the researchers used a functional dendritic macromolecule of thymus to activate the phenomenon of the interferon gene (STING) - cGAS pathway, and designed lipid-denulation-calcium phosphate (TT-LDCP) nanoparticles (NPs) targeting tumors, not only enhancing gene transfer, but also immune-assisted function.
TT-LDCP NPs delivers siRNA and plasmid DNA encoded cytokine IL-L1 for immunocheckpoint ligand PD-L1 to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), increasing tumor immersion and activation of CD8 plus T cells, and enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer vaccines, thereby significantly inhibiting the progression of HCC.
: Delivering mRNA with ionized lipid nanoparticles reduces the toxic side effects of CAR-T cell therapy, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04246 In a new study, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have found that a new technique that is less toxic to T cells can change the way they identify cancer.
treating T cells using this mechanism may have fewer side effects.
related findings published in the journal Nano Letters.
the new engineering technique involves using lipid-based nanoparticles across the cell membranes of T cells to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA), rather than using genetically modified viruses to rewrite T-cell DNA.
the use of the former method would be preferable because it would only temporarily alter the patient's immune system, but the standard method of getting mRNA through the cell membrane (i.e., electroporation) could be too toxic to obtain the required number of T-cells from the patient's body.
: Restoring p53 with synthetic mRNA nanoparticles can make p53-sensitive to mTOR inhibitors: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1565 in a new study Using advances in nanotechnology, researchers at research institutions such as Brigham and Women's Hospital in the United States, Zhejiang University in China and Hangzhou Normal University in the United States found that restoring p53 not only delays the growth of liver and lung cancer cells that lack p53, but may also make tumors more sensitive to cancer drugs called mTOR inhibitors.
related findings were recently published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
in preclinical trials, the researchers recovered p53 using synthetic mRNA nanoparticles, making lung and liver cancer cells sensitive to existing cancer drugs.
tumor suppressor gene p53, also known as the guardian of the genome, plays a vital role in preventing cancer.
because of its power, it is one of the most commonly damaged genes in cancer; scientists have long been looking for a way to restore the activity of tumor-suppressing genes such as p53.
recently, attention has turned to a method developed by Brigham and Women's Hospital to deliver synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) using nanotechnology.
using advances in nanotechnology, the researchers found that restoring p53 not only delays the growth of liver and lung cancer cells that lack p53, but may also make tumors more sensitive to mTOR inhibitors.
: Chinese scientists have developed a new nanoparticle therapy that is expected to target lymph node metastasis and effectively kill cancer cells: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03472, scientists from South China University of Technology and other institutions found that nanoparticle therapy may be effective lybout of lymph node metastasis for cancer, the results of which appear in the international journal ACS.
cancer metastasis, the process by which cancer cells are removed from the primary tumor site to form tumors in other parts of the body, can worsen the condition of many cancer patients, and the lymph nodes, as glands that spread throughout the body's immune system, often become the first destination for cancer cells to "travel" in the body, in which researchers develop a new strategy to target cancer metastasis in the lymph nodes, which can be used to promote tumor formation in other parts of the body.
when a person is diagnosed with cancer, he or she first performs a biopsy of the lymph nodes to determine if the cancer has begun to spread, but surgery can cause pain, infection and other problems;
: An Chem Int Ed: Scientists have developed a new type of nanoparticles that could inhibit cancer progression by suppressing tumor cell receptor molecules: 10.1002/anie.201904860HER2 positive breast cancer is a special type of malignant metastatic cancer, a recent In a study published in the international journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, scientists from Nanjing University in China have developed a special type of nanoparticle that can effectively treat HER2-positive breast cancer by binding her2 receptor molecules, a new type of nanoparticle that selectively binds to HER2 or significantly inhibits the reproduction of breast cancer cells.
!--/ewebeditor:!--webeditor: !--:page title" - Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the female population, and it is also the leading cause of death in cancer patients, about 20%-30% of breast cancer patients mainly include poor treatment prognosis In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, HER2 is a human epidermal growth factor receptor2, a protein that identifies and binds to special growth factors, and HER2 spans the cell membrane, with one part reaching inside the cell and the other on the cell surface.
as long as the growth factor can be docked to the "dock" location, THE outer part of HER2 will be bound to carry related HER dipolymer, such as HER1 or HER3, which will induce a multi-level signal cascade reaction within the cell, usually including a series of cell processes, such as cell division, cell metastasis, blood vessels supplying tumors, etc.
() More exciting take stock! Stay tuned! !--/ewebeditor:page.