How can cancer patients eat scientifically and healthily during the Spring Festival? The Dietary Guidebook for Tumor Populations is available here

Seeing Chinese New Year's Eve is in front of us, the table chicken and duck fish a variety of dishes a little more up, although can not contain the inner ecstasy, but still a heart of the world.
Many cancer patients must also also start to tangle, the New Year should eat what, looking at a table full of mountain rare sea flavor, I can only go up the tall building, eat fasting Buddha ... ... Seafood is good, can I have a taste? Fat cow fat sheep, what year does it take not to eat? Sausage, bacon? Are hometown traditions, do not eat are sorry ancestors.
there is wine, fellow see fellow, do not drink how two tears? ...... But will eating these cause the tumor to return and metastasis? During the Spring Festival, many cancer patients in order to take care of the feelings of their families, may make an exception to taste some new dishes together;
above will lead to tumor patients living habits are disrupted, some will be due to improper diet complications, and some may even cause immunity decline due to overwork, increasing the likely recurrence of tumors.
, as a cancer patient, how should we eat healthy during the Spring Festival? As a clinician, how should we guide cancer patients to eat scientifically and rationally? In fact, the Health and Wellness Commission 2017-08-01 issued the Dietary Guidelines for Patients with Malignant Tumors, and in 2018-02-01 began to implement, the dietary recommendations of this article refer to this guidance.
, 8 principled issues: 1. Reasonable diet, proper exercise.
2. Maintain a suitable, relatively stable weight.
3. Food choices should be diversified.
. Eat more protein-rich foods as appropriate.
5. Eat more vegetables, fruits and other plant-based foods.
. Eat foods rich in minerals and vitamins.
7. Limit refined sugar intake.
. Inadequate dietary intake during anti-tumor treatment and rehabilitation in cancer patients is recommended for in-intestinal and extraintestinal nutritional support treatment when dietary guidance is still insufficient to meet the target needs.
, the dietary principles of tumor patients to ensure that the heat supply tumor is a expendable disease, especially in patients with late-stage tumor undernutrition or malnutrition is very common.
studies have shown that cancer patients need 20-50% more protein and calories than normal, and good nutrition can enhance the patient's ability to fight cancer, reduce complications and prolong survival.
because the protein breakdown in tumor patients is greater than synthetic (negative nitrogen balance), it is important to ensure the demand for protein, and to high-quality protein-based, such as eggs, milk, meat, fish and shrimp.
these animal proteins contain amino acids, the proportion is more in line with the needs of the human body, after eating to absorb, converted into our own protein more efficient.
to ensure balanced nutrition in addition to high-quality protein intake every day, but also to low fat, moderate amount of carbohydrate-based, pay attention to vitamin supplements, inorganic salt, cellulose and so on.
try to do: light and high nutritional quality combination, easy digestion and vitamin-rich combination, fresh and food cold warm and flat combination.
Easy to digest diet-based, eat less and eat more meals on the diet as far as possible to digestive diet-based, especially for digestive tract tumor patients, must do less food and more meals, so as to avoid excessive diet caused gastrointestinal discomfort, but also conducive to food digestion, nutrition absorption.
eat more fresh vegetables and fruits after ensuring a supply of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, cancer patients also need to pay attention to eating fresh vegetables and fruits.
fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins and trace elements, which play an important role in the nutritional balance of tumor patients, and fruits and vegetables contain a large amount of dietary fiber, which is beneficial to the digestive function of tumor patients.
3. The diet taboo of cancer patients tobacco contains a variety of harmful substances, for normal people, we also recommend not to smoke or quit smoking as soon as possible;
alcohol on the gastrointestinal mucous membrane has greater aggressiveness, increase the burden on the liver, stimulate the secretion of pancreatic fluid, easy to induce pancreatitis.
holidays are the high incidence of gastroenteritis, gallbladderitis, pancreatitis.
In this way, people with gastrointestinal tumours should limit their intake of alcohol; patients with hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer should strictly ban alcohol; and patients with bile disease may not usually have obvious symptoms, and drink less alcohol during the holidays.
the greasy Spring Festival, our diet will often be more greasy, which will increase the burden on the digestive tract, some patients will cause diarrhea.
addition, oily food can stimulate gallbladder contraction, thus, gallbladder tumors or other lesions of people and digestive system tumors after surgery patients, food should be light, less greasy.
Avoid overeating overeating is the main cause of gastrointestinal diseases during the holiday season, it is recommended that patients with gastroenteritis, adhesive intestinal obstruction, digestive tract tumors should pay attention to eat less and eat more meals, to avoid increasing the burden of gastrointestinal tract.
food festival, food variety, sweet and spicy, everything.
for cancer patients, especially those with digestive tract tumors, acid, sweet and irritating foods should be controlled.
, diet should pay attention to hygiene, tumor patients with relatively low immunity, unclean food may cause vomiting, diarrhea, etc. , leading to gastrointestinal diseases.
, oncology patients diet recommended that the oncology patients diet should be stewed, boiled, steamed, fried-based.
, grilling, frying, halogen food containing benzene , acrylamide, nitrosamines and other carcinogens, should be avoided.
the general diet, soft diet, semi-fluid and fluid diet, according to the patient's specific condition and digestion, absorption capacity to choose.
Dietary recommendations for patients with gastrointestinal tumors (e.g. esophageal cancer, cystic cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, etc.) patients, according to the needs of the disease to provide a high daily calorie flow diet, and according to the recovery situation gradually excessive to semi-fluid diet.
fruits and vegetables that need to be eaten in the early stages of recovery can be eaten with a wall breaker.
to eat less and eat more meals, appropriate activities after meals, speed up digestion and absorption, in order to reduce the burden of the gastrointestinal, but the need to ensure that the total daily amount of physiological needs.
other parts of the tumor patient diet is recommended because the digestive function of tumor patients outside the digestive tract is relatively sound, during the Spring Festival only need to pay attention to a reasonable and balanced diet, to avoid overeating can be.
oncology chemotherapy patients diet suggested that chemotherapy patients due to relatively weak physical condition, some patients' digestive function may be affected by chemotherapy.
suggest that this group of people during the Spring Festival pay attention to a light diet, appropriate increase in high-quality protein intake, such as milk, lean meat, fish, animal liver, etc., to help raise white blood cells.
if anemia is obvious, hemochrome drop, can eat more red beans, red dates, black rice, pig liver and so on.
add more water to help the body excrete toxins.
neck tumor patient diet recommends that some patients after neck surgery (anatomical changes or nerve damage) cough easily when eating, and recommend a soft or dry, semi-fluid diet.
neck radiotherapy patients due to reduced saliva, dry throat pain, difficulty swallowing, diet should be rich in water-rich food mainly to relieve dry mouth and throat discomfort.
5. The energy and nutrient intake of tumor patients is recommended with reference to the Dietary Guidelines for Malignant Tumor Patients, which have the following recommendations for energy and nutrient intake in tumor patients: Energy: Generally according to 20kcal/(kg.d)-25kcal/(kg.d) (non-obese patients) actual weight) to estimate the energy of patients in bed, 30kcal/ (kg.d) to 35kcal / (kg.d) (the actual weight of non-obese patients) to estimate the energy of patients who can get out of bed activity, and then adjusted to individualized energy values according to the patient's age, stress status, etc.
there is no evidence that adequate nutrient intake accelerates the growth of cancer cells.
, the energy needs of cancer patients should be similar to those of healthy people, ranging from 25 to 30 kCal/(kg.d) (1kCal=4.185 kJ).
the 2009 Dietary Guidelines for Surgical Patients recommend that energy needs be estimated at 20-25 kkcal/(kg.d) for bedridden patients and 25-30 kcal/(kg.d) for those who are able to get out of bed.
is similar to the domestic guidelines.
protein: the synthesis and decomposition of protein in cancer patients increased, but the rate of decomposition was higher than the rate of synthesis, so the body protein decreased, plasma protein level decreased.
protein intake can increase protein consumption in the body, leading to bone muscle consumption.
cancer patients should timely supplement proteins and amino acids to correct negative nitrogen balance in the body.
can generally be given at 1kcal/(kg.d) to 1.2 g/(kg.d) (the actual weight of non-obese patients), and severe nutritional consumption can be given at 1.2kcal/(kg.d) to 2 g/(kg.d) (actual weight of non-obese patients).
protein intake should be no less than 1g/(kg.d) When the patient is insostid or accompanied by systemic inflammation, the protein intake may even reach 1.5g/(kg.d).
because in activity and systemic inflammation can resist protein synthesis in the body, such patients need to increase protein intake.
In addition, protein intake should be 1.2-1.5g/(kg.d) in patients with renal cancer, while in patients with acute and chronic renal failure, protein intake should be controlled at 1-1.2g/(kg.d).
: Fat supply accounts for 35% to 50% of total energy.
recommends appropriate additions to foods rich in n-3 and n-9 fatty acids.
Refore, for patients with advanced cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy and are at risk of weight loss or malnutrition, omega-3 long-chain fatty acids or fish oil can be supplemented to stabilize or improve appetite, eating and weight.
: Carbohydrate energy accounts for 35% to 50% of total energy.
: Water (water in drinking water and food) is generally given at 30 mL/(kg.d) to 40 mL/(kg.d), so that the daily urine volume is maintained at 1000 mL to 2000 mL.
patients with organ dysfunction such as heart, lung and kidneys pay special attention to prevent excessive fluid flow.
minerals and vitamins: refer to the recommended daily intake of minerals and vitamins for normal people of the same age and gender.
no additional additions are recommended in the absence of a shortage.
immunotrophic preparations: Immunonutrients are liquid nutritional supplements rich in specific nutrients such as arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides.
Generally for cancer patients requiring surgery, especially for patients with severe nutritional risk of upper digestive tract cancer surgery, perioperative period to give oral or intracintestinal supplements of immunotrophic preparations, can significantly reduce the occurrence of infectious complications after surgery and shorten the length of hospital stay.
therefore, patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer who undergo surgical treatment should also be supplemented with immunotrophic preparations by oral or in-intestinal means while receiving traditional peri-surgical treatment options.
The Mediterranean diet has been internationally regarded as six, cancer patients specific food recommended cereals and potatoes: to maintain a moderate daily intake of cereals, adults eat 200 g to 400 g per day is appropriate.
the gastrointestinal function is normal, pay attention to the thick match.
should also increase the white meat, reduce the intake of red meat.
animal food: eat more fish, poultry, eggs, reduce red meat intake.
for patients with gastrointestinal damage from chemotherapy, it is recommended to make soft, fine animal foods.
In daily life, it can be simply classified as follows: four-legged animals such as pigs, horses and sheep are red meat, two-legged animals such as chickens, ducks and geese are red and white, leg-free animals such as fish are white meat.
processed meat products such as sausages, cured meat, ham, etc. are collectively referred to as processed meat, processed meat and red meat similar role, can belong to the red meat category, will also improve the incidence of a variety of tumors.
and soy products: daily moderate consumption of soybeans and soy products.
recommended daily intake of about 50 g of the same amount of soybeans, other soy products by moisture content conversion.
and fruits: recommended vegetable intake of 300 g to 500 g, recommended a variety of colors of vegetables, leafy vegetables.
fruit intake of 200 g to 300 g.
patients with impaired or impaired digestive tract function can be eaten after breaking it with a wallbreaker.
oils: use a variety of vegetable oils as cooking oils, at 25 g to 40 g daily.
, do you want to eat health care products? Chinese New Year will inevitably receive a lot of relatives and friends sent health care products, these health care products can eat it? Do you need to buy your own medication? Ordinary such as "honey, brain platinum, walnut powder, etc.", valuable have "worm grass, bird's nest, gum, etc.", these belong to the category of therapeutic food, can be taken, but there is no need to buy their own to take, usually pay attention to a balanced diet, supplement trace elements can be, and a worm grass to play a small effect, if you want to rely on these to supplement nutrition, like winter to take Grandpa Hair to bake fire.
, of course, if you're Toho, then when I didn't say it.
But for other health products with complex compositions or many that can't be named, care needs to be treated with caution, because basically all health products are not further validated by large-scale clinical trials, and their effectiveness and safety need to be studied.
in various marketing, the first "probably effective" role has been exaggerated as "scientific research found that it has XX effect."
, do you need to avoid mouth? The problem of taboo mouth is very much people's attention, many patients and family members often ask medical experts this question, in fact, this matter from different angles.
As far as current clinical studies are available, the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis needs to be based on the following taboos: (1) tobacco (2) alcohol (3) mildew food (4) grilled (fire, charcoal) / pickled and fried animal food and there are no special taboos on common foods, at least not yet reported in large studies, but note that although there is no absolute taboo