Highlights to be read in the August 2020 issue of Science.

!--," August 31, 2020 // --- Is coming to an end in August 2020-- what are the highlights of the August Science journal that are worth learning about? The editor-in-chief has organized this and shared it with you.
1.Science: New study reveals that cells are maze masters doi:10.1126/science.aay9792 In a new study, researchers from several UK research institutions have found why cells can migrate so accurately in humans.
study was published in the August 28, 2020 issue of the journal Science, under the title "Seeing around corners: Cells solve mazes and respond at distance using attractant."
paper, they describe a theory they developed to explain cellular directional motion and how they used a maze to test it.
images from Science, 2020, doi:10.1126/science.aay9792.
when the body is injured, such as a needle, the immune system responds by sending white blood cells to kill any bacteria that might try to enter the body through the wound.
but how do cells find wounds? Previous studies have shown that cells use chemicals called chemoattractants in the body for short-range navigation.
white blood cells can sense chemical attractors and move them --- but this is only effective over short distances.
the new study, the researchers found that cells can use such chemical attractors in different ways to navigate longer and more complex pathways.
the researchers speculated that some cells navigated by breaking down chemotherapy attractors that approached them.
they then perceive the extent to which chemical attractors are replenished and, most importantly, in which direction.
by noticing the location of the new chemotherapy attractors, they can move to the destination they want.
example, white blood cells trying to move toward a wound choose to break down the path of the most or the most recent chemical attractor after finding a fork in the road.
2.Science: Details of previous Zika virus infections can increase the risk of severe dengue virus infection doi:10.1126/science.abb6143; Doi:10.1126/science.abd5922 In a new study, researchers from the United States and Nicaragua found that the mosquito-borne Zika virus makes people more susceptible to dengue later in life, and that when they do develop dengue, they suffer more severe symptoms.
study was published in the August 28, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Zika virus virus enhances future risk of severe dengue disease."
these findings confirm earlier speculation that antibodies to the Zika virus, usually designed to protect the body from infection, may actually interact with the dengue virus, making dengue infection worse.
this interaction, known as antibody-dependent enhancement, may make it harder to design a vaccine that is safe and effective while protecting the Zika virus from increasing the risk of dengue infection.
3.ScienceDaily: Great progress! Oral non-nucleoside STING astrologist MSA-2 showed significant anti-tumor activity doi:10.1126/science.aba6098; Doi:10.1126/science.abc6622STING protein is activated by its natural ligand--- cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate, cGAMP), triggering signal transductivity and inducing the release of type I interferon and other inflammatory cytokines.
interferons controlled by STING to produce participatory antiviral defenses and anti-tumor immune responses.
the use of drugs to activate STING is considered a promising cancer treatment strategy.
STING astrist MSA-2, pictured from Science, 2020, doi:10.1126/science.aba6098.
a new study, researchers from Merck in the United States found that a previously unknown compound (MSA-2) can be systematically drugged and prioritized to target tumors through its unique mechanism of action.
addition, MSA-2 is easy to take oral, which is an ideal route due to its convenience and low cost.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the journal Science under the title "An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity."
.4.ScienceDaily Small molecule STING activator SR-717 showed significant anti-tumor activity doi:10.1126/science.abb4255; Doi:10.1126/science.abc6622 In a new study, researchers from the Scripps Institute in the United States found that a molecule activates an immune-enhancing protein called STING.
this finding marks a key advance in oncology, as STING proteins are known for their powerful anti-tumor properties.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Antitumor activity of of the a systemic STING-activating non-nucleotide cGAMP mimetic". Co-author of the
paper, Dr. Luke Lairson, an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Scripps Institute, and colleagues found that their optimized STING activator, which they named SR-717, appeared to activate the STING protein in the same way as the natural activators in their bodies.
by imaging atomic-scale interactions using X-ray diffraction crystal analysis, they found that both SR-717 and a known natural activator bind to the same bits on STING and induce the same shape changes in the protein.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page=" -- SR-717 is a non-nucleoside cGAMP analog.
In animal models of invasive melanoma, it significantly inhibits tumor growth, prevents metastasis, induces tumor molecules to be presented to the immune system, and strongly raises the levels of CD8-plus T cells and NK cells around the tumor--- both of which are known to be the most powerful anti-tumor weapons in the immune system.
at effective doses, there is no evidence that SR-717 has significant adverse side effects on animals.
5.ScienceDaily: Great progress! In a new study, researchers from France, Sweden, China, the United States, Canada, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Hungary and the Netherlands found that a class of gut bacteria called enterococcus carries a class of phages that regulate the immune response.
phages can be integrated into the genome of enterococcus, called prophages.
they reported microbial antigens that may cross-react with antigens associated with tumor cells.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Cross-reactivity between tumor MHC class I-restricted antigens and an enterococcal bacteriophage."
further, the researchers identified in Enterococcus hirae prophages (prophage) the existence of a major tissue-compatible complex Class I (MHC-I) binding table: TSLARFANI (called TMP1).
the phage TMP protein length of 1506 amino acids, this table corresponds to its amino acid bit point of 187 to 197.
mice carrying hysterectococcals containing protophages can produce TMP-specific H-2Kb restrictive CD8-T lymphocyte reactions while receiving immunotherapy for cyclophosphamide or anti-PD-1 antibodies.
to provide mice with genetically modified bacterial strains that express this TMP prolosis to improve their immunotherapy.
6. Science: Researchers who revealed the mechanism by which genetic CIITA induces human cells to fight Ebola and SARS-like coronavirus infection doi:10.1126/science.abb3753 In a new study, researchers from the Benaroa Institute at The University of Virginia Mason, Case Western Reserve University, Boston University School of Medicine and MRI Global have found a new cell protection pathway that targets common weaknesses in several different pandemic viruses.
found that this pathway protects cells from Ebola viruses and coronavirus infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
new findings will provide a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in fighting viral infections, thus providing a reference for the treatment of future viral infections.
results were published online August 27, 2020 in the journal Science under the title "MHC class II transactivator CIITA inductance cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-coronaviruses".
images from Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain.
study sheds light on the new role of the two genes found and the unique ways to inhibit viral fusion and entry into human cells, putting us one step closer to the next generation of antiviral therapies.
researchers used transconducting gene activation screening to find new genes that could stop Ebola virus infection.
this new screening strategy can serve as a model for finding resistance mechanisms against other dangerous pathogens.
using this strategy, the researchers found that the gene CIITA (MHC class CLASS II transactivator, MHCII transactive protein) induces resistance in human cell line by activating the expression of the second gene, CD74.
as a form of CD74, p41 disrupts the processing of proteins in the shell of Ebola virus proteins by a cell protease called cathepsin.
this prevents the virus from entering cells and infections.
p41 also blocks the entry pathway of tissue protease dependence of coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2.
7.Science: Revealing the mechanism by which fumarate blocks cell coke death doi:10.1126/science.abb9818 In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the University of Massachusetts, Nanjing Medical University in China, and Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine found fumarate, also known as Yanhusoate, to be an inhibitor of cell coke death.
results were published online August 20, 2020 in the journal Science under the title "Succination inactivates gasdermin D and blocks pyroptosis".
they found that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) or endotopic fumarates delivered to cells reacted with gasdermin D (GSDMD) at critical cysteine residues to form S-(2-amber) -cysteine.
GSDMD amberylation prevents its interaction with caspase, limiting its ability to process, lyside, and induce cell death.
in mice, DMF sent targeted GSDMD to protect them from lipid polysaccharid shock and reduce familial Mediterranean fever (familial Mediterranean fever, FMF) and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (autoimmune encephalitis, EAE).
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page-title"--8.Science:doi:10.1126/science.aba9760 mitochondrials are small cells that provide energy to each cell in the body, especially for needs.