Highlights to be read in the August 2020 issue of Cell.

!-- 31, 2020 / / --- Is coming to an end in August 2020, what are the highlights of the Cell journal in August worth learning? The editor-in-chief has organized this and shared it with you.
1.Cell: Discover the new metabolic immuno checkpoint IL4I1! In a new study, researchers from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) found that the metabolic enzyme IL4I1 (Interleukin-4-Induced-1) promotes the spread of tumor cells and inhibits the immune system.
the enzyme that activates dioxin receptors is produced in large numbers by tumor cells.
the future, inhibiting IL4I1 could open up new opportunities for cancer treatment.
results were published online August 19, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "IL4I1 Is a Metabolic Immune Checkpoint that Activates the AHR and Promotes Tumor Progress."
author of the paper is Christiane Opitz of the German Cancer Research Centre.
first authors of the paper were Ahmed Sadik, Luis F. Somarribas Patterson, Selcen ?ztürk and Soumya R. Mohapatra of the German Cancer Research Centre.
from Cell, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.038.
can activate the body's own defenses against cancer and is revolutionized in cancer treatment.
, despite some breakthrough success, only a few patients can benefit from current drugs.
the new study, the authors looked at the molecular mechanisms by which tumors escape the destruction of the immune system.
their findings may provide important information for the development of new immunotherapy concepts.
2.Cell: Single dose of ChAd vaccine protects upper and lower respiratory tracts from SARS-CoV-2 infection doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.0 26 In a new study, researchers from the University of Washington's St. Louis School of Medicine developed a vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as ChAd, that can be effectively prevented in mice sensitive to the new coronavirus through a nose injection.
results were published online August 19, 2020 in the journal Cell, under the title "Single-single-dose intranasal ChAd vaccine protects upper and lower respiratory trace ST SARS-CoV-2".
, unlike other COVID-19 vaccines under development, the vaccine is delivered through the nose, which is often the site of the initial infection.
the new study, the authors found that this nasal delivery pathway produces a strong immune response throughout the body, but is particularly effective in the nose and respiratory tract, preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections from take root in the body.
3.Cell: Revealed that cytokine storms prevent patients with neocyto pneumonia from producing a lasting immune response doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.025 The release of large numbers of cytokines can lead to some of the most severe symptoms of COVID-19.
When a large number of immune cells release cytokines, this increases inflammation and forms a feedback loop that activates more immune cells, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as cytokine storms.
In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the Bregan Women's Hospital and the Lagan Institute in the United States point out that some cytokines may also prevent infected people from developing long-term immunity at high levels because infected people are rarely observed to produce the type of B cells needed to produce a lasting immune response.
results were published online August 19, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Ross of Bcl-6-expressing T follicular helper cells and germinal centers in COVID-19".
images from CC0 Public Domain.
"We've seen a lot of studies that have shown that immunity to COVID-19 is unsustainable because antibodies decline over time," said Professor Shiv Pillai of the Lagan Institute, co-author of the paper.
study provides a mechanism to explain this lower-quality immune response.
"4.Cell: The new probe's ability to detect the destruction of defective mitochondrials in cells promises to reveal the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.025 In a recent study published in the international journal Cell, from Japan Scientists at the Institute of Science and Chemistry and others have developed a generic probe that could help accurately detect the procedural damage of defective mitochondrials in cells, which researchers say are energy factories in cells that may not be destroyed in dopamine-producing neuron cells in mouse models with Parkinson's disease.
mitochondrials are key organocytes that provide chemical energy for the normal functioning of the body's cells, but when the cells are under pressure, the mitochondrials become functionally abnormal and produce a large number of reactive oxygen freelance fundamentals, thus damaging the cells, so the cells will be removed and destroyed by dissoluting the damaged mitochondrials to the lysosome, which can act as a waste disposal system in the cells, helping to break down or break down unwanted components.
If the selective elimination of dysfuncative mitochondrial failure (i.e., mitochondrial autophagy) can lead to a variety of diseases, so researchers are very interested in monitoring the process of mitochondrial autophagy in cells."
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page title"--previously researchers developed fluorescent probes to detect mitochondrial autophagy, but some probes can only be used in living cells, while others are highly susceptible to destructive processes that are not involved in lysosomes.
study, researchers developed a new type of fluorescent probe that can be used in living and fixed cells and is particularly prominent in lysosomes.
The new probe consists of a two-part structure, one of which resists the action of enzymes in the lysosome and the other is destroyed by the lysosome;
5.Cell: Blocking the function of specific proteins or promising to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy to enhance the ability to remove drug-resistant cancer cells Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.013 Immunotherapy can attack cancer cells by stimulating the patient's own immune system, thus enabling some cancer patients to quickly and completely alleviate the disease, which has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. In a recent study published in the international journal Cell, scientists from the University of Washington School of Medicine and others found that blocking the function of a drug called TREM2 or enhancing the therapeutic effects of standard immunotherapy drugs could lead to the complete elimination of tumors; 'Essentially, we've found a new tool that enhances tumor immunotherapy, which reduces the growth of specific tumors when used alone against antibodies to the TREM2 protein, but when combined with immunotherapy drugs, we can see a complete rejection of tumors,' said
researcher Marco Colonna. Some anti-TREM2 antibodies are already in clinical trials for the treatment of other diseases, so researchers must also study animal models to confirm these results, and if they do work, later researchers will conduct further clinical trials because some antibodies are currently available.
6.Cell: Special proteins may promote cells in a stress state to enter a molecular "traffic jam" state, which induces the cell's suicide pathline doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.006 When the cell experiences high levels of stress (e.g. exposure to excessive ultraviolet radiation), the cell In a recent study published in the international journal Cell, scientists from Johns Hopkins University and others found a special protein that identifies this "traffic" problem and pushes cells into a suicide pathway;
photo source: William Vermi/Martina Molgora.
researcher Dr Rachel Green said: 'We have been studying for a long time how cells identify problems in coding information and how this process relies on cysticosomes, which can be caused by errors in genomic coding or damage to cells caused by the environment.
Nucose can travel along mRNA, the job is to decode mRNA and provide a set of instructions to make proteins, when cell pressure increases, mRNAs will be damaged, the RNA body will not be able to travel along the mRNA, so that it will collide with each other like a molecular collision car, because these rnatic bodies can not reach the end of mRNA, so that incomplete proteins are produced.
7.Cell: Severe COVID-19 characterized by abnormal regulation of bone marrow cells doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001 In a new study, from the Schalette School of Medicine in Berlin, Germany, the University of Bonn, germany Researchers at research institutions such as the Center for Dedeficiated Diseases (DZNE), the Helmholtz Infection Research Center (HZI) and the German Infection Research Center (DZIF) have found that, contrary to popular belief, the severe course of COVID-19 not only leads to a strong immune response, but also a continuous cycle of activation and inhibition.
results were published online August 5, 2020 in the journal Cell, under the title "Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment".
most patients infected with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 show mild or no symptoms.
, however, 10 to 20 percent of patients develop pneumonia during coVID-19, some of which can have life-threatening consequences.
we still don't know much about the causes of these serious illnesses," said Joachim Schultze, a professor at the University of Bonn and head of the research team at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases.
levels of inflammation measured in those affected actually indicate a strong immune response.
, however, clinical findings suggest that the immune response is not effective.
there is a contradiction. "So we assume that immune cells are produced in large quantities, but their function is defective," explained co-author of the
study and professor of infection immunology at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine at the Schalette School of Medicine in Berlin.
, we analyzed the blood of patients with different severity of COVID-19.
"8.Cell: Liquid sample testing can be used to diagnose cancer doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.009 Because cancer is more easily and successfully treated at an early stage, one of the main goals of cancer research is to develop new methods to detect tumors before they begin to spread.
one of these methods is liquid biopsies, which are designed to detect and diagnose biomarkers in blood samples.
In a study published In the journal Cell on August 13, 2020, collaborators from Memorial Sloan Kettering and Will Cornell Medical University reported that tiny substances released by tumors called EVP (extracellular vesicles and particles) can be used to detect many different types of cancer at an early stage.
!--/ewebeditor:page-- !--ewebeditor:page title" -- One potential advantage of focusing on proteins in EVPs rather than cancer genes is that it allows them to identify different types of cells found in the area around the tumor, called the tumor micro-environment.
, it can help them detect changes in other tissues, such as immune organs, which also help with EVP proteins visible in the blood.
the study looked at whether EVP played a role in screening.
it uses a known disease.