Highlights of Science Journal on March 12, 2021

News from March 18, 2021 //---A new issue of Science (March 12, 2021) is released this week.
What exciting research does it have? Let the editor come one by one.

The picture comes from the Science Journal.

1.

By studying the endothelin C receptor (EPCR) and its mode of interaction with lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA), these authors were able to identify the cell surface targets of aPL and observe how aPL is regulated inside the cell.
More specifically, they discovered that EPCR acts as a cell surface receptor for aPL.
They also found that in some cases, EPCR mediates the internalization of aPL.
They found that the combination of aPL and EPCR-LBPA resulted in coagulation activation and interferon-α production in dendritic cells.
This leads to the production of more B1a cells, and B1a cells are the producers of aPL.
They found that blocking the EPCR-LBPA binding in the mouse model prevented this chain of events from proceeding, leading to a decrease in aPL levels.
They believe that this opens the door to the possibility of developing treatments for APS patients.

2.
Science: Deciphering the effector network of pathogenic bacteria type III secretion system
doi:10.

In a new study, researchers from the United Kingdom, Spain, and Israel tested the following hypothesis that T3SS effectors do not operate alone, but form a powerful intracellular network that can maintain large contractions and expand effectors Repositories play a role in different disease phenotypes and host adaptations.
The relevant research results were published in the Science Journal on March 12, 2021, with the title of the paper "Type III secretion system effectors form robust and flexible intracellular virulence networks".

The authors’ analysis shows that T3SS effectors form a powerful network that can maintain virulence while maintaining substantial contraction, and the composition of this effector network helps the host to adapt.
The surrogate effector network in a single pathogen triggers a significantly different immune response, but it induces protective immunity.
CR14 cannot tolerate any further contraction, which indicates that the network has reached its robustness limit with only 12 effectors.
Since the robustness limits of other effector networks depend on the starting point of contraction and the order of effector elimination, machine learning models may change the ability of these authors to predict alternative network functions.
In summary, this study demonstrates the robustness of the T3SS effector network and the ability of intestinal epithelial cells to withstand severe disturbances while maintaining antibacterial functions.

3.
bioon.
com/article/6783905.
html" target="_blank">Interpretation of Science paper: The repeated sequence deletion of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 caused the antibody to escape
doi:10.

They reported that because these deletions occurred in part of the DNA sequence that encodes the shape of the spike protein (S protein), previous neutralizing antibodies could not catch the virus.
In view of the fact that incorrect polymerases with correction functions are usually caught during the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and cannot repair the deletion, they will be immobilized in the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.

4.
Science: New research shows that the BioNTech-Pfizer new crown vaccine can basically effectively neutralize the British mutant B.
1.
1.
7
doi:10.

In this new study, the authors analyzed blood samples from 40 people who had received the BNT162b2 vaccine during clinical trials.
They concluded that their results indicated that the British mutant strain B.
1.
1.
7 is "unlikely to escape.
.
.
this vaccine-mediated immune protection.
"

5.
Science: reveal another signal transmission mechanism of G protein coupled receptor
doi:10.

6.
Science: Reveal the genome, epigenome and biophysical clues that control the appearance of alveoli
doi:10.

The lung is a complex organ composed of multiple cell types, and its alveoli are the functional units of gas exchange.
Alveolar type 1 cells (AT1) function as an active signaling center in the lungs of developing and postnatal mice and humans.
Zepp et al.
constructed a comprehensive single-cell map of the developing mouse lung and determined the cell differentiation and intercellular communication when the lung transitioned to air breathing.
AT1 cells are spatially aligned with stromal progenitor cells and form a signal center that preferentially communicates with transient and force-applying myofibroblasts through signal factors such as Shh and Wnt, thereby actively remodeling the transition to air breathing After the alveoli.

7.
Science: temperature controls the carbon cycle and biological evolution of the ocean transition zone
doi:10.
1126/science.
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1126/science.
abg5994

It is believed that the marine biological carbon pump, the process of transferring organic matter from the sea surface to the deep sea, should be sensitive to climate change, because temperature controls photosynthesis and respiration rate.
Boscolo-Galazzo et al.
found that in the past 15 million years, as the ocean cooled, the efficiency of biochar pumps increased because the rate of decomposition of sedimented organic matter decreased.
The resulting redistribution of deep nutrients in the depths may affect the evolution of plankton and expand the ecosystem of the mid-ocean "transition zone".

8.
Science: Globally observed average and extreme river flow trends are attributed to climate change
doi:10.
1126/science.
aba3996; doi:10.
1126/science.
abg6514

The impact of human activities on the climate changes temperature, precipitation, atmospheric circulation and many other related physical processes, but does it also change the flow of rivers? Gudmundsson and others analyzed the time series of thousands of river flows and hydrological extremes around the world and compared them with simulation models of the terrestrial water cycle.
They found that only by including the effects of climate change can the observed trends be explained.
Their analysis shows that the impact of humans on the climate has affected the low, average and high flows of rivers around the world.

9.
Science: Debaryomyces is enriched in Crohn's disease intestinal tissues, and leads to impaired intestinal wound healing in mice
doi:10.
1126/science.
abd0919; doi:10.
1126/science.
abg6017

The gut microbiota includes not only prokaryotes, viruses, protozoa, but occasionally spirochetes, but also fungi.
For a long time, the role of fungi in this symbiotic relationship has been neglected.
In studying the changes in the gut microbiota of mice with mucosal damage and human subjects with Crohn’s disease, Jain et al.
found that the fungus Debaryomyces hansenii was located on the inflamed mucosa Tissue on the wound.
The impaired healing is related to antibiotic treatment, the overgrowth of this fungus, and the subsequent type I interferon-CCL5 axis induced by macrophages.
This fungus is observed in macrophages.
This continuous damage irritation is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
It is not yet known whether this salt-tolerant fungus is a natural symbiotic bacteria, but in the food industry, it is used for surface maturation of cheese and meat products.

10.
Science: New research to design smarter anti-cancer T cells
doi:10.
1126/science.
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The biosignal system can exhibit huge, non-linear, or "super-sensitive" responses, which will help it be designed as therapeutic T cells to better distinguish cancer cells from normal tissues.
Hernandez-Lopez et al.
used a two-step mechanism to modify human T cells to kill cells that express a large number of cancer protein markers, but not cells that express a small amount of the same protein.
The first synthetic receptor recognizes antigens with low affinity.
This receptor sends a signal to increase the expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with high affinity for the same antigen.
This pathway has been proven to be effective in cell cultures and mouse cancer models, providing hope for expanding CAR-T cell strategies against solid tumors.
(Bioon.
com)