Heavy-grade research results to interpret the recent progress of HIV research!

In this paper, the small compilation of recent scientists in the field of HIV research has made important research results, share to everyone! Photo credit: scitecheuropa.eu:Nat Med: heavyweight! New HIV vaccine strategies may enhance and extend the immunity of primates! Doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0858-8 In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Medicine, scientists from Stanford University School of Medicine and other institutions have revealed a new vaccine strategy that can significantly enhance and maintain the protection of monkeys against HIV, in addition to the results of this paper for immunologists to find other diseases such as coronavirus vaccine strategies have broad implicationsUnlike almost all vaccines currently in use, the new vaccine significantly improves the body's protection against viral infections, which awaken spartof the body's immune system, whereas most vaccines now work when the immune system is dormantMost vaccines stimulate serum immunity by increasing the body's antibody levels against pathogens, while the new vaccine strategy boosts the body's cellular immunity, which encourages large numbers of immune cells to gather to destroy pathogen-infected cells, so researchers can create a synergy between the two immune activities, said Pulendran, a researcherSci China Life Sci: Chinese scientists have revealed how the core of HIV-1 enters the host cell nucleus doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1716-x In a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Huazhong University of Science and Technology discovered how the core of HIV-1 enters the host cell nucleus through a joint use of cell molecular imaging and electron microscopesIt is widely believed that the process of HIV-1 infection of cells includes membrane fusion, viral core release, retrovirus, shell disintegration in cytoplasm, viral genome entry into the nucleus, viral genome integration, and then self-replication using the host cell systemHowever, recent studies have found that viral shells also exist in the nucleus and play a role in integrating site selection and immune escapeThe new study shows that the HIV-1 virus shell can be shelled near the chromosomal integration siteGiven that the core of THE HIV-1 virus is much larger than the nuclear hole, it is still unknown how the core of the virus passes through the nuclear membrane barrierScience: Research reveals the mechanism of HIV escape treatment: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz0802 According to a new study published recently by researchers at Yale University in the journal Science Translational Medicine, hiv can remain dormant in immune system cells for decades and re-emerge to threaten the lives of patients, according to a new study published in the journal Science Translational MedicineNow, researchers at Yale University have discovered a molecular mechanism for how the virus accomplishes this secret techniqueLong-lived CD4 T cells are a safe haven for HIV, which escapes the immune system by integrating its genomic DNA with the T-cell genomeHowever, because the virus is inactive at this time, it leaves no trace to mark its location; the researchers say HIV integrates itself into human DNA, so antiretroviral therapy cannot find and kill itIt is very difficult to study these cells, with only one in four out of a million CD4 T cells having HIV-infected properties4: PLoS Pathog: Significant progress! Identifying a potential new latent HIV virus: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008450 In a new study, DrNadia Roan, a visiting scholar at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology in the United States, and her team describe a class of cells that prioritize supporting latent HIV infectionsThese cells express surface protein CD127, which is present in tissues such as lymph nodes and is thought to carry more HIV cells than in the blood, the findings were recently published in the journal PLoS DevelopmentsThe researchers say our findings suggest that CD127-positive cells in the tissue may be an important target for hiv infection In addition, scientists may use the CD127 protein to isolate viral cell cells from patients and study what makes hiv silent and occasionally reactivate the virus HIV-targeted attacks are mainly found in T cells in lymphatic tissues such as lymph nodes and tonsils However, HIV infection studies have focused on T-cells circulating in the blood, which are relatively easy to obtain - and volunteers are more likely to receive blood extraction than tissue biopsies But focusing on T-cells in the blood is likely to skew scientists' understanding of the composition of the virus pool PNAS: New research suggests that moss-like analogues can improve HIV eradication: 10.1073/pnas.1919408117 In a new study, researchers from Wender Labs and other institutions found that mossin modified as precursor drugs, and that the resulting precursor drugs can release their active forms and show their efficacy over time Proteokin (prostratin), ingenol ester, moss and analogy and other protein kinase C (PKC) regulators are several powerful latency-reversing agent, LRA, a class of HIV compounds that activate latent infection cells at different stages of development While LRA is promising, one of the major challenges associated with clinical use is to maintain therapeuticly active drug levels while minimizing side effects In this new study, in animal models and infected cells from HIV-positive patients, these precursor drugs they synthesized showed similar or better activity in vitro than the parent compound (i.e., moss The selected precursor drug induces higher in vivo CD69 (an activated biomarker) expression and significantly improves tolerance by releasing its active form over time More generally, these selected precursor drugs avoid high dose toxicity of parent compounds, exhibit greater efficacy and expanded tolerance, thus addressing the long-term goals of many clinical applications If the same success is achieved in humans, the frequency of treatment and side effects of the drug in HIV patients will be reduced Photo Credit: NIAID 6: Nature Reveals the Key Role of RNA Structural Diversity in HIV-1 RNA Splicing: 10.1038/s41586-020-2253-5 In a study published in the international journal Nature entitled "Determined of THE RNA structural d and its role in HIV-1 RNA splicing", scientists from the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and other institutions identified the structural diversity of RNA and its key role in HIV-1 splicing Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that contains a single-stranded RNA genome of 10 kilobasees, and HIV must express all of its gene products through a single primary transcription, but this transcription must undergo a selective slicing process to produce a variety of protein products, including structural proteins and regulatory factors Although selective shears play a key role, the selection mechanism that drives the shear site is not clear to researchers that the synonym RNA mutation sending shears and virus replication to serious defects may indicate the existence of unknown shunadjustment elements Science: A major breakthrough! Revealing the fate of the HIV RNA genome is revealed by a single bird nucleotide: 10.1126/science.aaz7959 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, also known as HIV) infects more than 1 million Americans and 40 million people worldwide A new study on the structure of the HIV virus has revealed a promising new drug target that could be used to target HIV infection It found that HIV-infected cells can read the virus's genetic code in two different ways The result is two different forms of the virus RNA produced by infected cells, the results of which were published in the journal Science Transcripts of the HIV-1 RNA genome can be either cut and translated into viral proteins or packaged as new virus particles as sub-genomes The chosen path depends on whether the transcript contains one bird nucleotide (1G) or two or three bird nucleotides (2G or 3G) at the end of 5' The new study uses MRI spectroscopy to find that a 1G transcript (i.e., an HIV-1 RNA genome transcript containing only one bird nucleotide at the end of 5' uses a dipolymer structure that seals the end caps needed for translation and cutting, but exposes sites associated with the HIV-1 Gag protein, in which Gag protein sits in the HIV-1 RNA genome during viral assembly Conversely, 2G or 3G transcription could have touched the end cap, but the Gag binding site was sealed Therefore, a single bird nucleotide, as an conformation switch, determines the fate of hiv-1 transcripts Cell review sit until the development of HIV therapy research: From seeking treatment targets to eliminating persistent infections: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.005, published in the international journal Cell" In a review of Curing HIV: Seeking to Target and Clear Persistent Infections, scientists from the University of North Carolina and others analyzed the progress of current researchers in developing new therapies that target and eliminate HIV-infected virus banks, as well as discussing how to find targets and effectively eliminate persistent viral infections Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has now killed about 50 million people worldwide and has had a huge global impact, with the emergence of this infectious disease, clinicians and researchers should be involved in the development and implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is essential to stop the occurrence of disease, reduce the number of new infections, and now the development of antiretroviral therapy is continuing, and long-acting antiviral drugs and engineering Antibodies are also under way for high-level clinical trials that are expected to replace preventive or therapeutic drugs taken daily by patients, and patients need only a few courses of treatment per year, although with the recent failure of the HVTN 702 trial and replication of RV144, later researchers will continue to study accelerated bnAbs (broad spectrum neutral antibody, broadly neutral antibody) to reduce the number and incidence of new HIV infections worldwide NEJM: Fostemsavir Treats Multiple Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infections: Fostemsavir Active in Multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection, according to a recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the first eight days of treatment for patients with multiple drug-resistant HIV-1 infection spent significantly more significantly in the first eight days of treatment than in the placebo group Michael Kozal, M.D., from Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, and his colleagues studied patients infected with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 in two queues In the first queue, 272 patients chose to use at least one fully effective, approved antiretroviral drug in at least one but no more than two antiretroviral drugs categories, to randomly choose to add fosyavir or placebo to their failed programs In the second queue, 99 patients were treated with open-labelfosavir who did not have residual antiretroviral drugs Two NEJMs point out new methods of HIV treatment - monthly intramuscular carboiteve and lipivirindoi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1909512 According to two clinical studies recently published in the journal NEJM, long-acting cabot for patients with HIV-1 inhibition The combination of egravir, an HIV-integrated enzyme inhibitor, and lipivirine (hereinafter referred to as the long-acting Cabotiwe-Lipivirin) is no less than the oral dolutegravir-abacavir-lamivudine and standard oral therapy In the article, the researchers conducted a Phase III randomized trial, known as the FLAIR clinical trial, involving adults infected with HIV-1 who received oral induction therapy on a daily basis for 20 weeks Participants with HIV-1 RNA levels below 50 copies/mL were randomly assigned to continue current oral treatment, or switched to oral caboteve-lipivirin for one month, followed by long-acting cabotevey-lipivirin therapy The researchers found that 2.1 percent and 2.5 percent of HIV-1 RNA levels reached 50 copies/mL or higher (adjusted difference of -0.4%; confidence intervals of 95%, -2.8 to 2.1 percent) in HIV-infected people who received long-acting cabotevey-lipivirin and oral cabotevir-Lipivirin treatment, respectively, had HIV-1 RNA levels of 50 copies/mL s," with a confidence interval of 95 percent, -2.8 to 2.1, and met the main non-end criteria (BioValleyBioon.com) Bio Valley For More Great Counts! 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