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A collaborative team of scientists from Penn State University and the Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation has devised a way to deal with the side effects of cancer drugs, according to research published in the journal Materials Chemistry Today
.
They developed plant-based "hairy nanocrystals" that remove excess chemotherapy drugs from the blood
Hairy cellulose nanocrystals are nanoparticles developed from the main component of plant cell walls that have been engineered to have numerous "hairs" of polymer chains at both ends
.
These hairs greatly enhance the potential drug-trapping capabilities of the nanocrystals, significantly exceeding conventional nanoparticles and other materials
To produce hairy cellulose nanocrystals capable of trapping chemotherapeutic drugs, the researchers chemically treated the cellulose fibers in softwood pulp and imparted a negative charge to the hairs, making them stable in the presence of charged molecules found in blood
.
And conventional nanoparticles can become inert or reduce their charge when exposed to blood, limiting the number of positively charged drug molecules it can bind to
Scientists have tried many methods to remove unnecessary chemotherapy drugs from the blood, especially the widely used drug doxorubicin (DOX), but the effect has yet to be improved
.
After testing the binding efficacy of nanocrystals in human serum, the researchers found that each gram of hairy cellulose nanocrystals can effectively remove more than 6000 mg of DOX from serum
Furthermore, the capture of DOX occurred immediately after the addition of the nanocrystals, and the nanocrystals had no toxic or deleterious effects on the growth of erythrocytes and human umbilical cells in whole blood
.
In addition to removing excess chemotherapy drugs from the body, hairy cellulose nanocrystals can also remove other substances from the body, such as toxins and addictive drugs
