Gut Microbes: Real hammer!

Pancreatic cancer ( PC ) is one of the most aggressive and deadly cancers
.
The first choice of treatment is radical surgery, but the postoperative prognosis is extremely poor .

The overall 5- year survival rate is less than 10% .

Pancreatic cancer ( pancreatic cancer PC ) is one of the most aggressive and deadly cancers

80% to 90% of pancreatic cancer originates from ductal adenocarcinoma ( PDAC ) of the ductal epithelium .

Recently, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden " Gut Microbes published on" an article entitled "Isolation ofpancreatic microbiota from cystic precursors of pancreatic cancer withintracellular growth and DNA damaging properties" papers, they found that from the digestive tract The bacteria seem to cause damage to pancreatic cells and increase the risk of malignant tumors

https://doi.

org/10.

https://doi.

Analyze live bacteria for the first time Analyze live bacteria for the first time

Recent studies in experimental animal models further show that bacteria from the pancreatic microbiome can metabolize cancer drugs, reduce the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy, promote immunosuppression and increase tumor risk
.
However, the current understanding of the pancreatic microbiome is mostly obtained through microbial genetic analysis, rather than functional examination of live bacteria

.

Recent studies in experimental animal models further show that bacteria from the pancreatic microbiome can metabolize cancer drugs, reduce the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy, promote immunosuppression and increase tumor risk

Team selects 2018 ~ 2019 Between 29 after surgery in cases of cystic pancreatic cystic tumors liquid, culturing was found γ- Proteobacteria ( the Gammaproteobacteria ) and Bacillus ( Bacilli ) ratio is too high

MALDI-TOF analysis and histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic bacteria isolation and identification

.

MALDI-TOF analysis and histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic bacteria isolation and identification

Bacteria induce pancreatic cell damage, but antibiotics can prevent bacteria from inducing pancreatic cell damage, but antibiotics can prevent antibiotic prevention 

Researchers used phosphorylated γH2A.

X ( pH2A.
X ) (a known marker of DNA double-strand break and DNA damage response activation) and the degree of cell death after co-cultivation of bacteria to observe pancreatic cell damage
.

Researchers used phosphorylated γH2A.
X ( pH2A.
X ) (a known marker of DNA double-strand break and DNA damage response activation) and the degree of cell death after co-cultivation of bacteria to observe pancreatic cell damage
.

Experimental results showed that in non-malignant pancreatic cells, Granulicatella adiacens H1 , K.
pneumoniae ( K.
pneumoniae ) C2, and E.
cloacae ( E.
cloacae ) C2 strains not only caused significant cell death, but also in living cell populations The phosphorylation degree of γH2A.
X is also the largest
.
Similarly, G.
adiacens H1 , Enterococcus faecalis ( E.
faecalis ) C1 and Klebsiella oxytoca ( Klebsiella oxytoca ) H1 strains are also in early cancer ( Capan-2 ) and advanced differentiated cancer ( AsPC-1 ) (malignant ) cell lines induced a strong pH2A.
X increase and cell death, while the gas Klebsiella ( Klebsiella aerogenes ) Ll often cause cell death, especially in the Capan-2 cells
.

Experimental results showed that in non-malignant pancreatic cells, Granulicatella adiacens H1 , K.
pneumoniae ( K.
pneumoniae ) C2, and E.
cloacae ( E.
cloacae ) C2 strains not only caused significant cell death, but also in living cell populations The phosphorylation degree of γH2A.
X is also the largest
.
Similarly, G.
adiacens H1 , Enterococcus faecalis ( E.
faecalis ) C1 and Klebsiella oxytoca ( Klebsiella oxytoca ) H1 strains are also in early cancer ( Capan-2 ) and advanced differentiated cancer ( AsPC-1 ) (malignant ) cell lines induced a strong pH2A.
X increase and cell death, while the gas Klebsiella ( Klebsiella aerogenes ) Ll often cause cell death, especially in the Capan-2 cells
.

Unlike the above-mentioned strains, the strains of Streptococcus anginae ( milleri ) group ( H2/C2 ) and Enterococcus faecalis H2 seem to protect pancreatic cells from severe damage
.
When co-cultured with AsPC-1 cells, the strongest pH2A.
X inducer is the Enterobacter cloacae C2 isolated from IPMN cases , but this effect can be achieved by applying penicillin at the beginning of the co-culture of bacteria and cells Prevention .

Unlike the above-mentioned strains, the strains of Streptococcus anginae ( milleri ) group ( H2/C2 ) and Enterococcus faecalis H2 seem to protect pancreatic cells from severe damage
.
When co-cultured with AsPC-1 cells, the strongest pH2A.
X inducer is the Enterobacter cloacae C2 isolated from IPMN cases , but this effect can be achieved by applying penicillin at the beginning of the co-culture of bacteria and cells Prevention .

In general, IPMN cyst-derived bacteria can cause significant DNA damage in pancreatic cells in healthy, early and advanced cancers , but antibiotic treatment may avoid bacterial-induced cell damage
.

In general, IPMN cyst-derived bacteria can cause significant DNA damage in pancreatic cells in healthy, early and advanced cancers , but antibiotic treatment may avoid bacterial-induced cell damage
.

DNA damage caused by bacterial infection and intracellular survival of healthy ( hTERT-HPNE ), early ( Capan-2 ) and advanced differentiated cancer ( AsPC-1 ) cell lines
.

Bacterial infections caused by infection DNA damage and health ( of hTERT-HPNE ), early ( Capan-2 ) and late differentiation stage of cancer ( AsPC-1 ) within the cell line of survival
.

DNA damage caused by bacterial isolates in pancreatic cell lines of healthy ( hTERT-HPNE ), early ( Capan-2 ) and late differentiated cancer ( AsPC-1 ) pancreatic cell lines

DNA damage caused by bacterial isolates in pancreatic cell lines of healthy ( hTERT-HPNE ), early ( Capan-2 ) and late differentiated cancer ( AsPC-1 ) pancreatic cell lines

" Gut " has also published a number of related studies before.
The pancreas, an organ previously considered sterile, seems to contain a unique microbiome
.
In 2013 , the Brown University team conducted a comparative analysis of 405 cases of pancreatic cancer patients and 416 cases of normal people.
It was found that the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the saliva of patients with pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than that of healthy people or patients with other diseases, which increased the antibodies to specific symbiotic oral bacteria.
It can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer, suggesting that periodontal disease may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer; another study conducted a microbiological analysis of saliva on 10 patients and 10 healthy people.
The results It was found that N.
longum and Streptococcus light were different between the groups
.
In 2018 , the New York University School of Medicine in the United States compared the oral washes of 361 patients with pancreatic cancer and 371 healthy controls and found that Porphyromonas gingivalis was a risk factor for pancreatic cancer
.
Previous studies have suggested that Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium, Neisseria elongatus, and Streptococcus light are the main oral bacteria involved in PDAC carcinogenesis
.

" Gut " has also published a number of related studies before.
The pancreas, an organ previously considered sterile, seems to contain a unique microbiome
.
In 2013 , the Brown University team conducted a comparative analysis of 405 cases of pancreatic cancer patients and 416 cases of normal people.
It was found that the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the saliva of patients with pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than that of healthy people or patients with other diseases, which increased the antibodies to specific symbiotic oral bacteria.
It can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer, suggesting that periodontal disease may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer; another study conducted a microbiological analysis of saliva on 10 patients and 10 healthy people.
The results It was found that N.
longum and Streptococcus light were different between the groups
.
In 2018 , the New York University School of Medicine in the United States compared the oral washes of 361 patients with pancreatic cancer and 371 healthy controls and found that Porphyromonas gingivalis was a risk factor for pancreatic cancer
.
Previous studies have suggested that Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium, Neisseria elongatus, and Streptococcus light are the main oral bacteria involved in PDAC carcinogenesis
.

Although how the bacteria sneaked into the pancreas, then how to hide in the pancreatic cells remains to be answered
.
However, their research suggests that bacterial screening of patients with IPMNs and the introduction of antibiotic therapy have potential clinical application value.
To further improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases, we can start with microbiome analysis .
Follow-up studies can actively seek out the impact of related bacteria on the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, reveal its interaction mechanism, and improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention .

Although how the bacteria sneaked into the pancreas, then how to hide in the pancreatic cells remains to be answered
.
However, their research suggests that bacterial screening of patients with IPMNs and the introduction of antibiotic therapy have potential clinical application value.
To further improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases, we can start with microbiome analysis .
Follow-up studies can actively seek out the impact of related bacteria on the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, reveal its interaction mechanism, and improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention .
Screening

Reference materials:

Reference materials:

[1] Hou Zhiying , Sun early joy , the Yellow solution .
Advances in pancreatic cancer risk factors [J].
Medical Forum , 2020,24 (13): 1902-1905.
DOI: 10.
19435 / j.
1672-1721.
2020.
13.
079.

[1] Hou Zhiying , Sun early joy , the Yellow solution .
Advances in pancreatic cancer risk factors [J].
Medical Forum , 2020,24 (13): 1902-1905.
DOI: 10.
19435 / j.
1672-1721.
2020.
13.
079.

[2] SiegelRL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A.
Cancer Statistics, 2021.
CA Cancer J Clin2021; 71: 7-33

[2] SiegelRL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A.
Cancer Statistics, 2021.
CA Cancer J Clin2021; 71: 7-33

[3] MICHAUDD S , IZARD J , WILHELMBENARTZIC S , et al.
Plasma antibodies to oral bacteria and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large European prospective cohort study[J].
Gut , 2013 , 62 ( 12 ): 1764-1770

[3] MICHAUDD S , IZARD J , WILHELMBENARTZIC S , et al.
Plasma antibodies to oral bacteria and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large European prospective cohort study[J].
Gut , 2013 , 62 ( 12 ): 1764-1770

[4] FANX , ALEKSEYENKO AV , WU J , et al.
Human oral microbiome and prospective risk for pancreaticcancer : a population-based nested case-control study[J].
Gut , 2018 , 67 ( 1 ): 120-127.

[4] FANX , ALEKSEYENKO AV , WU J , et al.
Human oral microbiome and prospective risk for pancreaticcancer : a population-based nested case-control study[J].
Gut , 2018 , 67 ( 1 ): 120-127.

[5] FARRELLJ J , ZHANG L , ZHOU H , et al.
Variations of oral microbiota are associated with pancreaticdiseases including pancreatic cancer.
[J].
Gut , 2012 , 112 ( 112 ): 582-588.

[5] FARRELLJ J , ZHANG L , ZHOU H , et al.
Variations of oral microbiota are associated with pancreaticdiseases including pancreatic cancer.
[J].
Gut , 2012 , 112 ( 112 ): 582-588.

[6] Isolation of pancreatic microbiota from cystic precursors of pancreatic cancer withintracellular growth and DNA damaging properties

[6] Isolationof pancreatic microbiota from cystic precursors of pancreatic cancer withintracellular growth and DNA damaging properties in this message