Great potential of botanical pesticides in China

The farms that mainly produce vegetables are cultivated in protective facilities In large-scale facility cultivation, the plant pesticide which is safe for human and animal and has no special irritant odor has become the first choice of farmers Botanical pesticides have the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and broad spectrum, which is also one of the reasons for the competitiveness of botanical pesticides In recent years, China has begun to vigorously research and develop biopesticides Screening biopesticides from plant resources, China has the advantages of resources and technology If we can make full use of them, we can develop high-efficient, low-toxic and safe biopesticides in traditional medicinal plants and promote their application, which can improve the international competitiveness of biopesticides in China Biopesticides (excluding agricultural antibiotics) account for only 2.5% of the global pesticide market According to the consensus of experts at home and abroad, biopesticides have great development potential, and will replace more than 20% of chemical pesticides in the next few years Botanical pesticides account for 1% of the global pesticide market and increase at the rate of 10% - 15% every year In terms of market distribution of biopesticides, at present, developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States account for 64% of the world's use, while Asia only accounts for 13% Current situation of biopesticides in China Up to now, there are more than 150 registered varieties of biopesticides in China, accounting for 14% of the total effective ingredient varieties; there are more than 700 kinds of compound dosage forms, accounting for 9% of the registered pesticide products, and increasing at the rate of 4% every year; the annual production of the preparation is nearly 130000 tons, accounting for 11% of the total pesticide production; the annual output value is about 2.7 billion yuan, accounting for about 9% of the total pesticide production; the application area is about 400-500 million mu times, accounting for about 10% of the total pesticide application area Botanical pesticide is a kind of medicament which uses the functional parts of medicinal plants with the characteristics of insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal and growth regulation, or extracts its active components and processes them Because botanical pesticides come from nature, they are safe to human and livestock, do not pollute the environment, are not easy to cause drug resistance, and are easy to degrade in the natural environment Therefore, the research and development of botanical pesticides is an important aspect of pesticide research and development The advantages of biopesticides in China are obvious China has thousands of years of experience in the application of medicinal plants, a unique theory of traditional Chinese medicine, a traditional theory of compatibility of Chinese herbal medicine, and a rich variety of botanical pesticides From the 7th century B.C to the 5th century B.C., China used mangroves and other plants to kill pests, and Artemisia argyi was used to fumigate mosquitoes and flies; in the 6th century A.D., it was recorded that Veratrum was used as an insecticide; in the middle of the 10th century, it was recorded that hundreds of plants were used as insecticides; in the 17th century, tobacco, pyrethrum, fish rattan and other plant extracts were used as insecticides A lot of useful toxicological and pharmacodynamic data have been accumulated in the long process, which provides a solid material, theoretical and technical basis for the development of new biopesticides Grainge and Ahmed have reported that there are about 2400 species of plants with pest control activities In laboratory and even field experiments, many plants show potential pest control characteristics The source of botanical pesticides in China is very extensive More than 1300 kinds of plants have been found to contain insecticidal and bactericidal substances From the current research results, pesticide plants are mainly concentrated in Meliaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Celastraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Magnoliaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Polygonaceae, luteaceae, Liliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Cruciferae and other families At present, the research focus of plant herbicides in China is on Mikania micrantha, marigold, wheat and other plants More than ten natural herbicidal compounds have been isolated and extracted, including quinones, alkaloids, benzinones, cinnamic acids, coumarins, thiophenes, nitriles, flavonoids, thiamphetanes and terpenes, some of which have been developed into natural herbicidal compounds Herbicide, and get patent protection and application The best example of the famous side effect of weeding is the extraction of α - triplet thiophene from marigold, which not only has weeding characteristics, but also has nematicidal effect At present, the production and processing of biopesticides in China mainly use natural renewable resources, such as corn, soybean cake, fish meal, wheat bran or some plant bodies, etc the raw materials are widely sourced and the production cost is relatively low The cultivation of medicinal plants can make full use of the idle land on the slopes of barren mountains, with less investment and large profits At the same time, it can play the role of soil and water conservation The production of biopesticides generally does not compete with synthetic chemical products for raw materials, and the pollution of the production process to the environment is relatively small, which is the development direction advocated and encouraged by the state All of these are the source of competitive power of biopesticides in the international pesticide market, especially the root cause of keeping the market share of botanical pesticides Only by insisting on the research and development of new products and new dosage forms, doing a good job of pesticide registration abroad and carrying out technological innovation in time, can Chinese biopesticide enterprises get due returns in the complex international market competition First of all, take new products and new dosage forms as breakthrough We will increase the research on the separation and purification of effective chemical components, molecular structure identification and physical and chemical properties of botanical pesticides, study the mechanism of structural action of active substances, the relationship between structure and activity, and constantly search for new varieties of botanical pesticides To increase the research of the effective composition In order to expand the use effect of botanical pesticides, the botanical pesticides with similar or complementary effects were reasonably compounded If the main insecticidal active substances of the two plant extracts do not contradict in the mechanism of action, and can indeed expand the control object after mixing, and have obvious synergistic effect, then the mixture can be developed, and in-depth indoor bioassay and field test can be carried out, and the interaction between the components of the two plant extracts during storage should be considered For example, matrine, pyrethroids, artemisinin, allicin, etc are mixed with azadirachtin, pyrethroids or synthetic pyrethroids Pyrethroids have a wide insecticidal spectrum The combination of pyrethroids and azadirachtin can not only improve the efficacy of pyrethroids, but also is particularly effective for insect pests resistant to pyrethroids At the same time, the combination of the two can not only kill plant pests, but also can be used to control external parasites of animals Improve the stability of plant pesticide Due to the instability of natural products, they are easy to decompose under ultraviolet, sunlight and high temperature Therefore, in addition to avoiding strong light, high temperature, strong acid and alkali and enzyme, one or more epoxidized vegetable oil stabilizers and p-aminobenzoic acid anti light agents can be added in the preparation process to inhibit the thermal decomposition and photodegradation of natural substances The stability of emulsification can also be improved by choosing suitable emulsifier To find compounds with biological activity of pesticides as leading compounds in plants, through structural modification, or artificial synthesis screening, to obtain new pesticides Pyrethroid insecticides are developed from pyrethroid modification in compositae plants, benzoyl carbamate of physostigmine poisoning in physostigmine seeds, antibiotic 402 of allicin in garlic, etc., which are the focus of research and development of botanical pesticides abroad and the direction of research and development of botanical pesticides in China Secondly, the foreign pesticide registration is the starting point In recent years, developed countries frequently set up trade barriers, and the export of pesticides is limited At present, China's pesticide market share in developed countries is less than 10% due to the technical barriers such as increasing registration fees and requirements In order to solve the problem of international registration of biopesticides in China, it is necessary to study the system of pesticide registration in foreign countries, speed up the building of famous brand of pesticide export and cultivate international registration talents Finally, increase the application of high technology With the development of science and technology, many new processes and methods have been applied to the research and development of plant pesticides Beijing Sanpu Baicao green plant preparation Co., Ltd adopts new technologies such as ultra-fine pulverization, air flow pulverization and low-temperature pulverization to obtain a powder with a particle size of 10 μ m, greatly increasing the surface area of raw materials, so as to promote the dissolution and leaching of effective ingredients In the process of extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, macroporous resin adsorption, ultra-fine grinding, enzyme extraction, molecular imprinting separation, high-performance countercurrent chromatography, countercurrent ultrasonic extraction and other new technical equipment can be used For example, the use of supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid instead of conventional organic solvents can reduce the use of fuel and toxic chemical solvents In the process of separation and purification, flocculation sedimentation, macroporous resin adsorption, ultrafiltration, high-speed centrifugation and other new methods can be used to improve the efficiency of separation and purification In addition, we should constantly improve the quality standard level of products and improve the analysis and detection technology At present, analytical instruments and technologies such as high performance liquid chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography / mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry are gradually widely used, and fingerprint technology will gradually become a routine inspection technology, which will help to improve the quality control level of pesticide products.