Grain security issues lead to a sudden stop of "returning farmland to forest"

Lead words: their farmland is overgrown with weeds in the barren farmland? Chen Gang's land has no harvest This is not because of disasters, but because of policy upheavals Chen Gang's ten mu of farmland has been abandoned for half a year, which was originally planted with wheat In response to the policy of "returning farmland to forest", the team informed the villagers to level off the wheat fields and plant trees From last autumn, Chen Gang, like many villagers, had finished the land Surprisingly, this spring, Murakami suddenly informed them that he would not quit this year It's terrible According to the local planting habits, there are two crops to be harvested in one year: summer grain and autumn grain Now the sowing time of autumn grain has passed This made Chen Gang feel very uncomfortable There were seven people in his family, old and young, who had to point to these places to live Chen Gang said that these lands in his family are all relatively good lands Originally, one mu of grain could also earn 300-400 Jin, but now they have no income because of the above sentence In March this year, the new policy of "returning farmland to forests" was introduced, and the total task of "returning farmland to forests" in China was sharply reduced from 50 million mu last year to 10 million mu And the target of Ningxia is only 500000 mu In the mountainous areas of Pengyang County, Ningxia, the reporter saw that there are large areas of wasteland everywhere The head of Yangfang village, Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, told reporters that their village planned to return more than 900 mu of land to cultivation last year The winter wheat and chemical fertilizer were planted in these lands in autumn Later, it was said that they would return the farmland to forest, but they didn't plant it As a result, all the land for planting trees was cleared up, and it was said that they would not return it 20% of the land in the village was in famine, with a total loss of 170000 to 180000 yuan "I won't quit this year You can plant whatever you like." This is the most sad sentence that farmers in Guyuan have heard since spring this year Almost all the farmers reported to the reporter that not only the return of farmland failed, but also the compensation for the returned land was not in place More than 90% of the farmers said that they only paid half of the compensation for grain and money, but also failed to cash it up to now Grain security issues lead to the urgent stop of the project of returning farmland to forests, which is the key point of the western development and also a project to enrich the people On August 6, 1999, the state put forward for the first time the policy measures of "returning farmland to forest (grass), closing mountains and greening, individual contracting and food for relief" In 2001, the conversion of farmland to forest was carried out in Ningxia Guyuan City, one of the southern mountainous areas of Xihaigu in Ningxia, which is known as "the most poverty-stricken area in the world", has been identified as the main battlefield of returning farmland to forest in Ningxia The policy of returning farmland to forest has given farmers new hope Luowa village people juwanzhong told reporters that most of his family's land is mountainous, and the best one mu can only produce 50 Jin of grain at most, so although there are 60 or 70 mu of land in his family, it is still not enough to eat, and even has to rely on the government's relief grain (20 jin / person) to survive After returning farmland to forests, the state gives 200 Jin of grain per mu, 20 yuan, which is already a "very cost-effective" thing for them According to a data from Guyuan Forestry Bureau, from 2000 to 2003, the afforestation area of Guyuan city was 4.376 million mu (2.745 million mu of arable land and 1.63 million mu of barren mountains) Over the past four years, 730000 farmers have benefited from the project construction In 2003, 1 / 10 of the per capita income of farmers in the whole year came from the project of returning farmland to forest The per capita grain subsidy for farmers returning farmland only amounts to 352 yuan per year But why did the project suddenly stop? Ningxia's relevant departments have only one answer to this question: "we don't know We will do what the country says." "The main concern of the state is food security." Cui Xiaoli, a researcher at the development research center of the State Council, told reporters In October 2003, the problem of national food security began to appear, and the national food inventory reached the lowest level in history In this case, many people reported that the main reason for the problem of food security was the national plan of returning large areas of farmland to forests "Perhaps because of this pressure, the State Forestry Administration has to reduce the target of returning farmland to forest." Cui Xiaoli said According to the regulations, in November 2003, the State Forestry Administration should issue the target of returning farmland to forest in 2004, but the notice was not issued after the food security problem occurred, until around March 19, 2004 In 2004, the State Forestry Administration estimated that the target was more than 50 million mu, and the next provinces also prepared according to the target of 50 million mu: digging holes and preparing land And put this indicator down to the township and households The target of 10 million mu not only reduces the target land in some areas, but also does not exist in some townships and villages Even in some areas, 3 billion yuan will be paid for the rehabilitation " Cui said Fast compensation and slow compensation It is understood that two thirds of the mountainous areas in the south of Ningxia are mountainous areas Although they are only the areas through which the tributaries of the Yellow River pass, they are areas with serious soil and water loss, and those terraces are basically within the scope of national conversion of farmland to forest (land above 25 degrees slope, or areas with serious soil and water loss) Therefore, Li huaizhu, the president of Ningxia Forestry Survey Institute, thinks that although the total amount of conversion of farmland to forest really makes grain Food production has decreased, but in some areas, it has not had a great impact on the national food security, because even if no trees are planted, the grain income of these areas is only a few kilograms per mu, which can not solve people's food and clothing Li huaizhu introduced that Ningxia has become one of the most out of standard provinces in China The reporter learned from the forestry bureau of Guyuan city that in 2003 and 2004, there were 910000 mu of grain that had been converted to forest and had not been cashed in In 2004, 657000 mu of land was prepared ahead of schedule, with a total of 1567000 mu According to the source, the plan of returning farmland to forest in Ningxia comes from the "Salt Lake Conference" In response to the national policy of returning farmland to forests, in August 2002, the relevant principals of Ningxia District Committee and district government held a famous Yanchi meeting in Yanchi County The meeting clearly pointed out that the pace of returning farmland to forests in Ningxia should be accelerated - "eight year task three year completion" Since then, Ningxia has further determined the goal of returning farmland to forest in the next few years, such as the forest coverage rate reaching 18% in 2010 It will reach 25% by 2020 and 30% by 2050 In order to achieve this goal, Ningxia is "moving forward at a rate of 2 million mu per year," Li said The previous year, it reached more than 2 million mu Last year, it returned more than 4 million mu of farmland to forests, but now it is more than 8 million mu But at the same time, it also has a direct effect on the local area: the compensation is not in place Xue Ruiting, a cadre of Gaohong village in Qinghe town, Yuanzhou District, told reporters that in 2003, Gaohong village in Qinghe town returned 3300 mu of farmland according to the indicators given above, but only 3100 mu of grain compensation was paid in the end And such examples are everywhere in Guyuan City Zhu told reporters that Ningxia's compensation for exceeding the standard will not be paid by the state at all, and can only be taken by the Ningxia government itself "The district originally intended that the excess should be solved mainly by the indicators issued this year." Li huaizhu said But no one thought that this year's national target tax reduction, the idea of relying on the state to solve the problem immediately fell through But such a large amount is unlikely to come from Ningxia alone Li huaizhu said that Ningxia's financial resources are very limited now, "the project management fee is a bit unbearable, let alone the project construction cost." Conversion of cropland to forest includes planning and design, project supervision and other departments, and only one mu of project management costs 20 yuan "If one million mu of land is calculated at 10 yuan per mu, it will be 10 million yuan There is not so much in this area." At the beginning of June, 2004, "the State Forestry Administration organized relevant leaders to come to Ningxia to verify the part of land exceeding the standard, and sent the report to the state on or about the 10th of that month." Li said that Ningxia would like to get state support, but the State Forestry Administration has no response so far Li huaizhu said that the regional government of seedling fees exceeding the standard has made its own fund-raising in advance, but there is no way to compensate for the grain We can only count on the next year's national indicators, after which we can get a little bit of the excess If next year's national indicators do not come down, it will be very difficult for the Ningxia government to clean up the mess Moreover, the state stipulates that the compensation for ecological forest shall be 8 years and for economic forest shall be 5 years The survival rate of seedlings is very low because of the sharp decline of survival rate and large-scale afforestation According to the method of returning farmland to forest in Guyuan City, only when the survival rate of seedlings is more than 85% can they be regarded as qualified, and only when the farmland is returned can the farmers fully get the subsidy However, Xue Ruiting, a cadre of Gaohong village, said that more than 90% of the farmers can reach this target after the first autumn acceptance By the second year, the survival rate of seedlings will be reduced to 30% - 40%, and then the survival rate will be smaller and smaller The saplings are fine " Xue said that the low survival rate of seedlings is mainly due to the damage of zokor to seedlings Statistics from the forestry bureau of Guyuan District show that in 2002, 500000 mu of 640000 Mu grassland in Guyuan district were damaged by zokor, and the average damage rate of trees reached 14% Among them, in the areas with serious damage, the mortality rate of young forest is 30% to 50%; in some areas with serious damage, it is as high as 40% to 60%, and the highest is 70% In addition, the contract for conversion of farmland to forest in Qinghe town clearly stipulates that after the contract is signed, Party A (town people's Government) shall provide Party B with technical guidance and be responsible for inspection and acceptance But local villagers told reporters that they had never seen the people above come down to give them technical guidance Not only that, the villagers told reporters, they are not getting the seedlings as well as the village cadres said "The survival rate of saplings is low Although Zokors have a lot of reasons, it's not the main one The saplings they gave us can't survive." In the courtyard of Mr Fang in Gaohong village, the reporter saw a bunch of peach seedlings buried in the ground, but their roots were decaying Mr Fang said that he got the seedlings in March When he took them, he saw that they were all dry and didn't sprout So he buried them in the ground and watered them every day Until now, only one or two trees have sprouted "Such seedlings can't survive if they are planted on the mountain." now, Fang's survival rate is less than 20% On June 8, Chen Xianghai, a big seedling farmer in Gaohong village, gathered six or seven farmers and told reporters with all sorts of tongues They all said that the seedlings they received were like dry firewood, and none of the trees planted this year survived Not only that, the state stipulates that the seedlings for conversion of cropland to forest are given to the farmers free of charge, but for the villagers in Gaohong village, this year they have to pay 3 cents for each tree to buy these "dry firewood" and add "one cent of freight / tree" According to Xue Ruiting, a village cadre, the average score of an apricot sapling sent to farmers by the forestry department is only 5 points Farmers give 4 points to plant trees, almost all at their own expense The villagers said that after the tree died, they had to pay their own money to buy another tree, but it was also 5-6 cents a tree, the villagers