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If the immune system can be maintained, why do repeated infections occur? Written | Shi Chenjin will maintain or subdue the immunity of the human body after being infected with the new crown, and how long it will last is still undecided in the scientific community
.
On June 14, local time, Nature magazine published an article in the form of an "accelerated article preview", again trying to provide answers to this question
.
"Accelerated Preview" articles will be published online within a few days after receipt, without editing and peer review
.
Researchers tracked 63 new coronavirus infections and found that after 12 months of diagnosis, the patient's immunity against the new coronavirus remained stable
.
The immunity indexes of vaccinators have been further improved
.
The research is consistent with the conclusion of a growing body of literature that the immunity caused by natural infection with the new coronavirus or vaccination seems to exist for a long time
.
The types of antibodies are more diversified and can deal with 5 kinds of mutations.
The above-mentioned research comes from the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology of Rockefeller University in New York and other American universities and institutions
.
The researchers reported the continuous observation results of 63 cases of new crown infections 1.
3 months, 6.
2 months and 12 months after diagnosis, of which 26 (41%) received at least one dose of mRNA vaccine
.
The results showed that even patients with natural infections maintained their antibody titers during the 12-month follow-up period
.
Compared with the data at 6.
2 months, the patient's IgM antibody titer level at 12 months hardly changed (103%)
.
Although the levels of IgG and IgA have decreased, they also maintained 82% and 72% activity, respectively
.
In other words, the immunity of the infected person to the new coronavirus can be maintained for at least one year
.
People infected with the new crown still maintain antibody activity after 12 months
.
Vaccines (blue) will have higher antibody activity.
Researchers also found that the neutralization titer data (NT50) of the vaccinated at 12 months was 3684, which was nearly 50 times higher than that of the unvaccinated, and the IgG titer was It has risen by nearly 30 times
.
This means that the vaccine can greatly increase the level of neutralization titer
.
In addition to neutralizing antibodies, the human body's long-term immunity against the new coronavirus is also related to specific memory B cells
.
The results of the study showed that the level of specific memory B cells in unvaccinated persons decreased, while the relevant indicators of vaccinated persons increased by an average of 8.
6 times
.
In addition, antibodies against mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the new coronavirus in the human body are also evolving
.
Among the new coronavirus mutant strains that have been detected and isolated, multiple mutations in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein are the main types of mutations and the most worrying mutations
.
The researchers found that in the six common mutations in RBD, the ability of antibodies to respond to five of them has increased
.
This indicates that the antibody reservoir has evolved a broader neutralization capacity
.
Antibodies against the new crown receptor binding domain continue to evolve.
If immunity can be maintained, why would there be repeated infections? Since the beginning of the new crown epidemic, there have been endless studies on whether human immunity can be maintained
.
According to China's "Science and Technology Daily" report, in December 2020, researchers from Australia found that after being infected with the new coronavirus, protective neutralizing antibodies can stay in the human body for at least 8 months
.
The research was published in the journal "Science Immunology"
.
The researchers pointed out that many previous studies have shown that the first wave of antibodies against the new coronavirus will weaken after a few months.
People are worried that they may lose immunity soon because of this, but this new study dispels these concerns
.
They found that there is a specific memory B cell in the immune system that "remembers" the virus infection.
If it is exposed to the virus again, it will trigger a protective immune response by rapidly producing protective antibodies
.
On May 26, the New York Times also reported two studies published in the journal Nature and the biological research website BioRxiv
.
The results also indicate that the body's immunity against the new coronavirus may last for several years
.
However, as to whether human immunity can be maintained after being infected with the new crown, some studies have reached the opposite conclusion
.
According to a report from Reuters in October 2020, a study covering 365,000 people from the United Kingdom showed that the human body’s immunity against the new crown is “fading”
.
Researchers from the Imperial College of Technology issued finger blood test kits to the subjects.
After passing the test, it was found that the proportion of the British population with COVID-19 antibodies dropped from 6% in June 2020 to 4.
4% in September
.
Wendy Barclay, director of the Infectious Diseases Center of Imperial College London, said: "According to our understanding of other coronaviruses, the comparison of evidence shows that immunity and antibody levels will decrease simultaneously, which shows that the British population's immunity to the new crown is fading
.
"For the divergent conclusions of the scientific community, well-known experts in virology, biology professor of medicine at University of Hong Kong Jindong Yan told the" medical community ", the final conclusion researchers studied the differences in patient, reagent sensitivity, detection methods, etc.
, will affect
.
"
Evaluation of protection There are many indicators of sexual immunity.
In addition to neutralizing antibody titers, it also includes data such as T cells and immune memory
.
In the final analysis, it depends on whether the vaccinators can be protected from infection
.
If you only focus on neutralizing antibodies, it will be more superficial, because neutralizing antibodies are not the same as all protective immunity
.
"Jin Dongyan said
.
Regarding the research mentioned at the beginning of the article, many netizens wondered why someone would have re-infection if immunity can be maintained? Wang Yuedan, secretary general of the Chinese Society of Eugenics, Women and Children Immunology Branch, also expressed to the "medical community.
" A similar view: "We did similar work during SARS.
It is true that immune response products can be detected in patients who have recovered from coronavirus infection, but whether they can withstand re-infection, especially mucosal infection, requires the human body.
It is confirmed by challenge test or infection test
.
"In this regard, Jin Dongyan believes that more and more data show that natural infections can provide a certain degree and a certain period of protection for infected people, and at least prevent most of the repeated infections
.
From a global perspective, people who are infected again with the new crown The number is very small, concentrated in mild and asymptomatic patients
.
Re-infection is mainly related to differences in virus types and numbers, so there is no need to worry too much
.
References: 1.
Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection https:// Good news! Today, "Nature" found that the immunity of the new crown can be maintained for at least one year, and the vaccine can further increase various values! https://mp.
weixin.
qq.
com/s/c5CJihD6z7vAYy9opL1ksA3.
After being infected with the new coronavirus, the immunity is maintained for at least 8 months https://tech.
gmw.
cn/2020-12/24/content_34489331.
htm4.
Immunity to the Coronavirus May Persist for Years, Scientists Findhttps:// study finds evidence of waning antibody immunity to COVID-19 over timehttps:// : Tian Dongliang Proofreading: Zang Hengjia Plate-making: Shu Qian's wonderful review of Science: Two new coronaviruses that can infect humans are found to be "flu" every year, a pandemic? Zhang Wenhong: Its fatality rate is 20 times higher than that of influenza.
Can the pandemic early warning system save the world?
.
On June 14, local time, Nature magazine published an article in the form of an "accelerated article preview", again trying to provide answers to this question
.
"Accelerated Preview" articles will be published online within a few days after receipt, without editing and peer review
.
Researchers tracked 63 new coronavirus infections and found that after 12 months of diagnosis, the patient's immunity against the new coronavirus remained stable
.
The immunity indexes of vaccinators have been further improved
.
The research is consistent with the conclusion of a growing body of literature that the immunity caused by natural infection with the new coronavirus or vaccination seems to exist for a long time
.
The types of antibodies are more diversified and can deal with 5 kinds of mutations.
The above-mentioned research comes from the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology of Rockefeller University in New York and other American universities and institutions
.
The researchers reported the continuous observation results of 63 cases of new crown infections 1.
3 months, 6.
2 months and 12 months after diagnosis, of which 26 (41%) received at least one dose of mRNA vaccine
.
The results showed that even patients with natural infections maintained their antibody titers during the 12-month follow-up period
.
Compared with the data at 6.
2 months, the patient's IgM antibody titer level at 12 months hardly changed (103%)
.
Although the levels of IgG and IgA have decreased, they also maintained 82% and 72% activity, respectively
.
In other words, the immunity of the infected person to the new coronavirus can be maintained for at least one year
.
People infected with the new crown still maintain antibody activity after 12 months
.
Vaccines (blue) will have higher antibody activity.
Researchers also found that the neutralization titer data (NT50) of the vaccinated at 12 months was 3684, which was nearly 50 times higher than that of the unvaccinated, and the IgG titer was It has risen by nearly 30 times
.
This means that the vaccine can greatly increase the level of neutralization titer
.
In addition to neutralizing antibodies, the human body's long-term immunity against the new coronavirus is also related to specific memory B cells
.
The results of the study showed that the level of specific memory B cells in unvaccinated persons decreased, while the relevant indicators of vaccinated persons increased by an average of 8.
6 times
.
In addition, antibodies against mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the new coronavirus in the human body are also evolving
.
Among the new coronavirus mutant strains that have been detected and isolated, multiple mutations in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein are the main types of mutations and the most worrying mutations
.
The researchers found that in the six common mutations in RBD, the ability of antibodies to respond to five of them has increased
.
This indicates that the antibody reservoir has evolved a broader neutralization capacity
.
Antibodies against the new crown receptor binding domain continue to evolve.
If immunity can be maintained, why would there be repeated infections? Since the beginning of the new crown epidemic, there have been endless studies on whether human immunity can be maintained
.
According to China's "Science and Technology Daily" report, in December 2020, researchers from Australia found that after being infected with the new coronavirus, protective neutralizing antibodies can stay in the human body for at least 8 months
.
The research was published in the journal "Science Immunology"
.
The researchers pointed out that many previous studies have shown that the first wave of antibodies against the new coronavirus will weaken after a few months.
People are worried that they may lose immunity soon because of this, but this new study dispels these concerns
.
They found that there is a specific memory B cell in the immune system that "remembers" the virus infection.
If it is exposed to the virus again, it will trigger a protective immune response by rapidly producing protective antibodies
.
On May 26, the New York Times also reported two studies published in the journal Nature and the biological research website BioRxiv
.
The results also indicate that the body's immunity against the new coronavirus may last for several years
.
However, as to whether human immunity can be maintained after being infected with the new crown, some studies have reached the opposite conclusion
.
According to a report from Reuters in October 2020, a study covering 365,000 people from the United Kingdom showed that the human body’s immunity against the new crown is “fading”
.
Researchers from the Imperial College of Technology issued finger blood test kits to the subjects.
After passing the test, it was found that the proportion of the British population with COVID-19 antibodies dropped from 6% in June 2020 to 4.
4% in September
.
Wendy Barclay, director of the Infectious Diseases Center of Imperial College London, said: "According to our understanding of other coronaviruses, the comparison of evidence shows that immunity and antibody levels will decrease simultaneously, which shows that the British population's immunity to the new crown is fading
.
"For the divergent conclusions of the scientific community, well-known experts in virology, biology professor of medicine at University of Hong Kong Jindong Yan told the" medical community ", the final conclusion researchers studied the differences in patient, reagent sensitivity, detection methods, etc.
, will affect
.
"
Evaluation of protection There are many indicators of sexual immunity.
In addition to neutralizing antibody titers, it also includes data such as T cells and immune memory
.
In the final analysis, it depends on whether the vaccinators can be protected from infection
.
If you only focus on neutralizing antibodies, it will be more superficial, because neutralizing antibodies are not the same as all protective immunity
.
"Jin Dongyan said
.
Regarding the research mentioned at the beginning of the article, many netizens wondered why someone would have re-infection if immunity can be maintained? Wang Yuedan, secretary general of the Chinese Society of Eugenics, Women and Children Immunology Branch, also expressed to the "medical community.
" A similar view: "We did similar work during SARS.
It is true that immune response products can be detected in patients who have recovered from coronavirus infection, but whether they can withstand re-infection, especially mucosal infection, requires the human body.
It is confirmed by challenge test or infection test
.
"In this regard, Jin Dongyan believes that more and more data show that natural infections can provide a certain degree and a certain period of protection for infected people, and at least prevent most of the repeated infections
.
From a global perspective, people who are infected again with the new crown The number is very small, concentrated in mild and asymptomatic patients
.
Re-infection is mainly related to differences in virus types and numbers, so there is no need to worry too much
.
References: 1.
Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection https:// Good news! Today, "Nature" found that the immunity of the new crown can be maintained for at least one year, and the vaccine can further increase various values! https://mp.
weixin.
qq.
com/s/c5CJihD6z7vAYy9opL1ksA3.
After being infected with the new coronavirus, the immunity is maintained for at least 8 months https://tech.
gmw.
cn/2020-12/24/content_34489331.
htm4.
Immunity to the Coronavirus May Persist for Years, Scientists Findhttps:// study finds evidence of waning antibody immunity to COVID-19 over timehttps:// : Tian Dongliang Proofreading: Zang Hengjia Plate-making: Shu Qian's wonderful review of Science: Two new coronaviruses that can infect humans are found to be "flu" every year, a pandemic? Zhang Wenhong: Its fatality rate is 20 times higher than that of influenza.
Can the pandemic early warning system save the world?
