Genetic testing shows a predisposition to Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Genetic testing can check the risk of Alzheimer's disease caused by genetic factors, and strive to achieve early detection and early prevention, thereby delaying or avoiding the occurrence
of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease is a kind of dementia, which is mainly manifested as loss of memory, attention, language and other functions, emotional and behavioral disorders, and loss of independent living and working ability
.

Genome-wide association analysis studies have shown that APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, and APOE4
is present in 40%-50% of Alzheimer's disease patients.
The risk of Alzheimer's disease increases 3-fold when there is one copy of APOE4 and 8-12-fold
when both copies are APOE4.
A 2021 study by the National Institutes of Health revealed that only 2 to 3 percent of people carry both copies
.

What kind of people are more likely to get Alzheimer's disease?

1.
Seniors over 65 years old; The incidence of AD in people over 65 years old increases 1-fold every 5 years, and patients over 85 years old can account for 50% of the total number of AD people;

2.
Among the family members, there are relatives (such as parents, siblings, etc.
) who have Alzheimer's disease;

3.
Have diseases, including but not limited to: thyroid disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, etc.
;

4.
Encountered some troubles: widowhood, living alone, financial difficulties, life bumps and other psychological factors
.

Application of genetic testing in Alzheimer's disease

Preclinical and early clinical is the best time for diagnosis and treatment, but most of the current clinically diagnosed AD patients are in the middle and late stages, basically missing the best treatment time, and the course of the disease is rapidly progressively aggravated, early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment are the only means
to delay the onset.

In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, genetics is one of
the main factors.
At present, there are four genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, namely amyloid precursor protein gene (APP), progerin 1 gene (PSEN1), progerin 2 gene (PSEN2) and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE).

Among them, the mutations or polymorphisms of the first three genes are closely related to early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, and apolipoprotein E is closely related to sporadic Alzheimer's disease
.
There are three subtypes of APOE, e2, e3, and e4
.
Among them, E2 plays a protective role against Alzheimer's disease, but E4 is associated with
an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, especially late-onset Alzheimer's.
The effect of E4 allele on the risk of Alzheimer's disease is quantitatively dependent; It is generally believed that carrying one E4 gene increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease by 2-4 times, and people with two E4 alleles have a higher risk and can increase the risk up to 10 times
.

In addition, genes such as CLU, CR1, PICALM, PLAU, TREM2, SORL1 are associated with Alzheimer's disease risk, and mutations in these genes may increase the risk
of Alzheimer's disease 。 Through genetic testing, the risk of Alzheimer's disease caused by genetic factors can be screened, so as to exclude congenital factors, while avoiding various factors that are easy to cause disease in daily life, through active diet, behavior, lifestyle intervention, and even regular physical examination, and strive to achieve early detection and early prevention, thereby delaying or avoiding the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and greatly reducing the risk of
disease.

With the development of genetic testing technology and the advancement of precision medicine, in the future, through genetic testing to detect the risk of tumors and other diseases in advance, and take preventive and treatment measures as soon as possible, will become a normal physical examination behavior, if you want to know more related information or have questions can leave a message in the background private message, we will make a professional answer
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