Gallbladder

hollow sex organs. The living gallbladder is green due to the storage of bile. Slightly pear-shaped, aubergine-shaped or oval-shaped. It is easily separated by the combination of connective
tissue
with the liver, and is covered with peritina, suspended in the gallbladder nest under the liver, and can be operated. The length is 4.1±0.95 cm, the width is 2.32±0.52 cm, the capacity is 14 to 60 ml, the average 50 ml. Its internal pressure can reach 30 mm water column (1 mmHg x 13.6 mm water column, 1 mm Hg x 0.133 kPa). Can be divided into gallbladder bottom, body, neck three, there is no obvious boundary between the body neck. The bottom is the blind end of the blunt circle, the neck is thin, bends to the left at right angle, continues to be about 3 to 4 cm long, 2 to 3 mm diameter gallbladder tube. The gallbladder wall is divided into 3 layers: (1) mucous membrane layer, there are many high and branched ,between the upper cortical depression. The mucous membrane of the neck is spiral, called a spiral valve. The epithelial is a single column, the epithelial cells have a narrow and curved cell gap, called the outer cell gap, free surface has a large number of micro fluff, the inherent membrane is connective tissue, there are rich small blood vessels and lymphatic tubes. (2) muscle layer, inner vertical, outer ring smooth muscle. (3) Outer membrane, connective tissue fiber membrane, thicker, partially covered with mucous membrane.In mammals,
rats
, a kind of ground mice, horses, deer in North America do not have gallbladder, pancreatic abdomen sphistate resistance is very small or no resistance, liver secretion of a large amount of bile; Low, bile is also a large number of continuous secretion; pigs, goats, sheep, milk cow gallbladder concentrated bile capacity is low, these animals liver secretion of bile is quite small; Less bile enters the intestine.gallbladder has a wealth of nerve dominance. The mesothcoming nerve comes from the liver branch of the former ecstasy nerve stem, the deliverable is acetylcholine, and the acerbic nerve comes from the abdominal nerve plexus, and the passer-by is dethyroid adrenaline, which contains incoming and outgoing fibers. The gallbladder also has a third branch of the plant-based nerve - peptide energy nerve fiber domination, the delivery of vascular active intestinal peptides. There are intestinal muscle plexus under the pulp membrane and mucous membrane, and nerve fibers form a wide network in the gallbladder wall.