Fruit vegetable tea organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer

Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for the Substitution of Organic Fertilizers for Fruits, Vegetables and Teas.
Relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities agriculture (agriculture and animal husbandry, rural economy) departments (commissions, bureaus): To implement the Central Rural Work Conference, Central Document No.
1 and According to the spirit of the National Agricultural Work Conference, in accordance with the requirements of "one control, two reductions and three basics", in-depth implementation of the zero-growth action of chemical fertilizer use and accelerated green development of agriculture.
The Ministry of Agriculture formulated the "Action Plan for Carrying out Organic Fertilizer Substitution for Fruits, Vegetables and Tea", which is now issued.
For you guys.
Please take into account the local reality, refine the implementation plan, strengthen the implementation of responsibilities, and advance vigorously and orderly to ensure that practical results are achieved.
On February 8, 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture launched the action plan for replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer with fruit and vegetable tea to accelerate the promotion of green agricultural development.
It is necessary to focus on the production of fruit and vegetable tea, implement organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, promote the recycling of resources, and achieve cost-saving, efficiency-increasing, and quality improvement.
Increase efficiency and explore the development path of modern agriculture with high output, product safety, resource conservation, and environmental friendliness.
To this end, this plan is specially formulated.
1.
The necessity and feasibility of developing organic fertilizer for fruit and vegetable tea to replace chemical fertilizers.
Over the years, in order to increase production and ensure supply, agricultural resources have been super-utilized and chemical fertilizers have been invested excessively.
The production scale of fruits, vegetables, and tea in particular has continued to expand, as well as rural labor.
Accelerated transfer, insufficient utilization of organic fertilizer resources such as waste from livestock and poultry breeding, resulting in increased costs and environmental pollution, and also affected product quality and production efficiency.
It is urgent and very important to implement organic fertilizer for fruit and vegetable tea instead of chemical fertilizer.
(1) The need to promote cost-saving and efficiency-saving in agriculture.
At present, the overall amount of chemical fertilizers used in my country is relatively high, much higher than that of developed countries such as the United States and the European Union.
In particular, more fertilizers are used for fruits and vegetables.
The average fertilizer consumption for fruit trees is more than twice that of Japan, 6 times that of the United States, and 7 times that of the EU.
The average fertilizer consumption for vegetables is 12.
8 kg higher than Japan and 29.
7 kg higher than that of the United States.
The EU is higher than 31.
4 kg.
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers increases production costs.
The development and utilization of my country's rich organic fertilizer resources and the implementation of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers will help to save costs and increase efficiency of fruit, vegetable and tea.
(2) The need to promote product quality and efficiency.
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and reduction in the amount of organic fertilizers affect product quality.
Tests have shown that in orchards with organic fertilizer, the appearance and internal quality of the fruit are significantly improved, the soluble solid content increases by 10%-20%, the anthocyanin content of the peel increases by 20%-30%, and the vitamin C content increases by 10%-30%.
, Sugar-acid ratio is increased by 20%-50%.
At the same time, the fruit color is bright, the palatability is good, and the commodity value is also high.
Increasing the application of organic fertilizers can also increase crop resistance, reduce pests and diseases, and reduce the amount of pesticides.
The development and utilization of my country's rich organic fertilizer resources and the implementation of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers are conducive to improving the quality and efficiency of fruit and vegetable tea.
(3) The need to promote the development of circular agriculture.
In recent years, my country's animal husbandry production has undergone major changes, and large-scale breeding has become the main body.
At the same time, the utilization rate of livestock and poultry waste in concentrated areas of breeding is low, which causes waste of resources and environmental pollution.
Develop and utilize our country’s rich organic fertilizer resources to support farmers in using livestock manure to build and produce organic fertilizer, which is conducive to the realization of resource recycling.
(4) The need to protect the agricultural ecological environment.
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers not only causes the quality of cultivated land to decline, but also has adverse effects on the ecological environment.
At present, the degraded area of ​​cultivated land in my country accounts for more than 40% of the total area, and the problem of cultivated land pollution is prominent.
At the same time, the eutrophication of surface water in the south and the nitrate pollution of groundwater in the north are mainly due to the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and non-point source pollution from livestock and poultry breeding.
The development and utilization of my country's rich organic fertilizer resources and the implementation of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers can reduce soil and water pollution and help protect the ecological environment.
Carry out organic fertilizer for fruit and vegetable tea to replace chemical fertilizer, with mature technology and sufficient conditions.
First, there is a better policy environment.
The central government has made major arrangements to promote the construction of ecological civilization and is adopting a series of powerful measures to protect the ecological environment and implement sustainable development.
The second is rich in organic fertilizer resources.
The total nutrient content of organic fertilizer resources in my country is about 70 million tons, and the actual utilization is less than 40%.
The resources are abundant and the potential is huge.
The third is a mature technology model.
Various localities have explored and formed a series of production models that combine planting and breeding, integrating a set of technical models such as the piling of livestock and poultry manure, the application of commercial organic fertilizers, the harmless treatment of biogas residues and liquids, and the mulching of crop straws.
The replacement of chemical fertilizers with fertilizers has created conditions.
2.
Overall thinking, basic principles and goals (1) The overall thinking fully implements the spirit of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Deeply implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important speeches, firmly establish a new development concept, aim to develop ecological recycling agriculture, promote the quality and benefit of fruit and vegetable tea, take green development as the guidance, and take reform and innovation as the driving force, highlighting the advantage of fruit and vegetable tea production areas, Core production areas, well-known brand production bases, strengthen policy support, rely on technological progress, promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding wastes and crop straws, accelerate the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, achieve cost-saving and efficiency improvement, improve quality and efficiency, and promote agricultural transformation Upgrade and sustainable development.
(2) Basic principles adhere to policy guidance.
Implement green and ecologically oriented agricultural subsidy policies, support farmers and new agricultural business entities to use organic fertilizers from livestock and poultry farming waste resources, and encourage farmers to take measures such as returning straw to the field and mulching grass to reduce fertilizer consumption and production costs , Improve the ecological environment.
Adhere to classification guidance.
According to the fertilizer requirements and organic fertilizer resources of different regions and different crops, according to local conditions, promote the use of organic fertilizer in line with the actual production, and support the corresponding organic fertilizer application facilities to save labor and time, simple and easy, so that farmers are willing to use it.
, Useful and effective.
Insist on innovation-driven.
Actively explore suitable organizational methods and service methods, and integrate and assemble organic fertilizer utilization technology models.
Various methods such as government purchases of services have been adopted to form a pattern of multi-party participation in society.
Cultivate new service entities, develop social services such as unified fertilizer supply and application, and accelerate the promotion and application of organic fertilizers.
Insist on demonstration and drive.
Select key counties (cities, districts) in the dominant production areas of fruit and vegetable tea, core production areas, and large livestock and poultry breeding counties (cities, districts), promote the combination of planting and breeding, accelerate the utilization of waste from livestock and poultry breeding, and focus on building a batch Organic fertilizer substitution and green high-quality agricultural production bases (parks) will play a demonstrative effect.
(3) Action goal In 2017, select 100 key counties (cities, districts) for fruit and vegetable tea to carry out demonstrations of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, create a batch of well-known fruit and vegetable tea brands, and integrate a batch of reproducible, extendable and sustainable organic fertilizer alternatives The production and operation mode of chemical fertilizers is to build batches and batches.
Strive to use 3-5 years to initially establish an organizational method and policy system for replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, integrate and promote the production technology model of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, and build a long-term mechanism for replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers for vegetable tea.
The specific goal is "one reduction and two mentions": First, the amount of chemical fertilizers will be significantly reduced.
By 2020, the use of fertilizer in the dominant production areas of fruit and vegetable tea will be reduced by more than 20%, and the use of fertilizer in core fruit and vegetable tea production areas and well-known brand production bases (parks) will be reduced by more than 50%.
Second, the product quality has improved significantly.
By 2020, in fruit and vegetable Advantageous tea producing areas have accelerated the promotion of "three products and one standard" certification, created a number of regional public brands with outstanding local characteristics and distinctive characteristics, and promoted substantial improvement in quality indicators, 100% in line with national food safety standards or agricultural product quality and safety industry standards.
Third, the soil quality has been significantly improved.
By 2020, the organic matter content of orchard soil in the dominant production areas will reach 1.
2% or increase by more than 0.
3%, and the soil organic matter content of tea gardens will reach 1.
2% or increase by 0.
More than 2%, the organic matter content of vegetable soil is stable at more than 2%.
The problems of soil impoverishment, acidification, and secondary salinization in orchards, tea gardens, and vegetable fields have been effectively improved.
3.
Key tasks (1) Improve the level of combination of planting and breeding.
Comprehensively consider the carrying capacity of the land and the environment, reasonably determine the scale of vegetable tea planting and the scale of livestock and poultry breeding, and guide farmers to use livestock manure and other livestock and poultry breeding wastes to accumulate and apply organic fertilizer, process and apply commercial organic fertilizer, and make good use of livestock on the spot.
Organic fertilizer resources such as poultry manure can be recycled, turning waste into treasure.
(2) Improve the level of organic fertilizer application technology and supporting facilities.
Integrate and popularize technical models such as returning compost to fields, application of commercial organic fertilizers, returning biogas residues and liquids to fields, and natural grass mulching, and promote the substitution of organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizers.
In the production area of ​​fruit and vegetable tea and its surroundings, build livestock and poultry farming wastes and biogas residues for the harmless treatment, transportation and application of biogas slurry, supporting the production of fruit and vegetable tea, such as mechanical fertilization, water and fertilizer integration facilities, and application of facilities for environmental regulation and control.
Internet of Things equipment to improve the mechanization and intelligence level of organic fertilizer application and crop production management.
(3) Improve the level of standardized production and brand creation.
Accelerate the formulation of technical specifications and product standards for the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer for fruit and vegetable tea, promote standardization of facilities, standardization of production processes, and standardization of input management to achieve good agricultural practices.
Based on this, create a number of regional public brands and corporate brands with outstanding local characteristics and distinctive characteristics, improve product awareness and added value, and promote continuous increase in farmers' income and precise poverty alleviation.
(4) Improve the main body cultivation and green product supply level.
Formulate preferential policies such as land, electricity, credit, and taxation to support the production and application of organic fertilizer, and give priority to supporting enterprises and social service organizations that specialize in organic fertilizer production, such as the use of waste from livestock and poultry breeding and crop straw.
Guide new agricultural business entities such as large growers, farmer cooperatives, and leading enterprises to produce and apply organic fertilizers, build a number of green and high-quality fruit and vegetable tea production bases (parks), increase mid-to-high-end supply, and meet diversified market needs.
4.
Regional focus and technical model (1) Apples my country's apple planting area and output both account for more than 40% of the world's total, but the yield is low and the quality is poor.
In the production, chemical fertilizers are used, and the input of organic fertilizers is insufficient.
Most orchards are located in hilly and mountainous areas.
The facilities are poor, the soil organic matter content is low, acidification and alkalization problems are prominent, and the ability to retain water and fertilizer is weak.
Promote organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, and promote 4 technical models in the superior apple producing areas of the Loess Plateau and the Bohai Bay apples: one is the "organic fertilizer + formula fertilizer" model.
Encourage large growers in areas rich in organic fertilizer resources such as livestock manure Concentrate on the accumulation and utilization of compost with professional cooperatives to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer.
Combine soil testing and formula fertilization, and promote commercial organic fertilizers in orchards in the suburbs of cities.
The second is the "fruit-marsh-livestock" model.
In concentrated apple production areas, relying on large growers and professional cooperatives, supporting large-scale breeding, building large-scale biogas facilities, applying biogas residue and liquid to orchards to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers.
The third is the "organic fertilizer + water and fertilizer integration" model.
In production areas with better water and fertilizer conditions and new orchards, promote dwarfing and dense planting, while increasing the application of organic fertilizers, promote the integration of water and fertilizer technology to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency.
The fourth is the "natural grass + green manure" model.
In areas with suitable hydrothermal conditions, cover the soil with natural grasses or plant green manure to reduce exposure, prevent soil erosion, and improve soil fertility.
(2) Citrus my country's citrus planting area is the first in the world, and the output is second in the world.
However, the citrus orchard facilities are backward, the basic soil fertility is low, the soil layer in some areas is barren, and the soil nutrient content is unbalanced.
Fertilization shows that the amount of chemical fertilizer is increasing year by year.
The proportion is declining year by year.
Promote organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, and promote 4 technical models in the citrus belt in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the citrus belt in southern Jiangxi-Southern Hunan-Northern Guangxi, and the citrus belt in Zhejiang-Fujian-Guangdong: One is the "organic fertilizer + formula fertilizer" model.
In areas rich in organic fertilizer resources such as animal manure, large growers and professional cooperatives are encouraged to concentrate on the accumulation and utilization of compost to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer.
Combine soil testing and formula fertilization, and apply commercial organic fertilizers in orchards in the suburbs of cities.
The second is the "fruit-marsh-livestock" model.
In concentrated citrus production areas, relying on large planters and professional cooperatives, supporting large-scale breeding, building large-scale biogas facilities, and applying biogas residue and liquid to orchards.
The third is the "organic fertilizer + water and fertilizer integration" model.
In orchards with better water and fertilizer conditions, while increasing the application of organic fertilizers, promote the integration of water and fertilizer technology to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency.
The fourth is the "natural grass + green manure" model.
In areas with suitable water and heat conditions, cover the soil with natural grass or plant green manure to reduce exposure, prevent soil erosion, and improve soil fertility.
(3) Facility vegetables Vegetables are important livelihood products.
In recent years, my country's facility vegetables have developed rapidly, and the output accounts for more than 30% of the total vegetable output, providing an important guarantee for the annual balanced supply of vegetables.
Due to the long production cycle and high yield of facility vegetables, the amount of fertilizer used is large, the fertilization structure is unreasonable, the phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is serious, and the problems of secondary salinization of the soil are prominent.
Promote organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, and promote four technical models in the northern protected vegetable production areas: One is the "organic fertilizer + formula fertilizer" model.
Promote formula fertilization, increase the application of organic fertilizers, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers.
The second is the "vegetable-marsh-livestock" model.
In the concentrated production areas of facility vegetables, relying on large growers and professional cooperation In order to support large-scale breeding, establish large-scale biogas facilities to apply biogas residue and liquid to the vegetables in the facility.
The third is the "organic fertilizer + water and fertilizer integration" model.
While increasing the application of organic fertilizers, promote the integration of water and fertilizer technology, focusing on the promotion of drip irrigation, micro-spraying and other technologies to improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use.
The fourth is the "straw bioreactor" model.
Promote straw bioreactors to release carbon dioxide, enhance photosynthesis, increase ground temperature, increase soil organic matter content, and inhibit secondary soil salinization.
(4) Tea my country is the origin of tea, and the output of tea ranks first in the world.
However, the problem of irrational fertilization structure of tea is more prominent, and the amount of organic fertilizer used in tea gardens is insufficient.
Promote organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, and promote 4 technology models in key areas of famous and high-quality green tea in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, key areas of characteristic and export green tea in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, key areas of southwest black tea and specialty teas, and key areas of high-quality oolong tea in the southeast coast.
+ Formula fertilizer" mode.
Promote formula fertilization, increase the application of organic fertilizers, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers.
The second is the "tea-methane-livestock" model.
In the concentrated tea production areas, relying on large planters and professional cooperatives, supporting large-scale breeding, building large-scale biogas facilities, and applying biogas residue and liquid to tea gardens.
The third is the "organic fertilizer + water and fertilizer integration" model.
While increasing the application of organic fertilizers, promote the integration of water and fertilizer technology to improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use.
The fourth is the "organic fertilizer + mechanical deep application" model.
In tea gardens where the loss of water and fertilizer is serious, the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy is promoted, and technologies such as the deep application of organic fertilizers and machinery are promoted according to local conditions to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.
5.
Safeguard measures (1) Strengthen organization and leadership.
The provincial (regional, municipal) agricultural departments that replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer for fruit, vegetable and tea set up a promotion and implementation team headed by the responsible comrades to strengthen coordination, improve services, and promote implementation.
Demonstration counties set up an implementation leadership group headed by the main responsible comrades of the government to clarify responsibilities, strengthen measures, and ensure actual results.
The Ministry of Agriculture strengthens the guidance on the action of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, regularly schedules progress, coordinates the implementation of the guidance, and forms a work pattern of linkage and coordinated advancement.
(2) Strengthen policy support.
Implement the green and ecological-oriented agricultural subsidy policy, relying on the "five districts and one garden", and support key counties (cities, districts) to carry out demonstrations of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers for fruit, vegetable and tea.
Combining the implementation of biogas projects, comprehensive agricultural development areas, ecological recycling agriculture, pilot projects for resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and pilot projects for comprehensive utilization of straw, support the substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer for fruit, vegetable and tea, and promote in the same direction, play a collective effect, and form a policy synergy.
(3) Strengthen technical guidance.
All localities should organize experts to formulate technical plans for replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers by region and by crop, carry out technical training, and guide farmers and new agricultural economies.
The main body of the camp implements key technologies.
Cultivate new service organizations and carry out social services such as organic fertilizer production, transportation, and application.
In combination with national key research and development projects, we will carry out industry-university-research collaborations to research, develop and promote a batch of new technologies, new products and equipment for the production and application of organic fertilizers, and integrate a set of replicable, extendable, and easy-to-operate organic fertilizer replacement technology models.
(4) Innovative service mechanism.
Exploring effective models of government purchasing services according to local conditions, adopting methods such as purchasing services from organic fertilizer production enterprises, large-scale breeding farms, and professional cooperative organizations, and speeding up the promotion of organic fertilizers.
Support new agricultural business entities to participate in the action of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, and play their role as demonstrations of scale, standardization, and intensification.
Through subsidies, loan interest discounts, and encouraging the establishment of guiding funds, various types of capital will be used to support the production and application of organic fertilizers.
(5) Strengthen supervision and monitoring.
In demonstration counties (cities, districts), scientifically arrange farmland quality monitoring sites to track farmland quality grades and soil fertility changes.
Carry out surveys on soil quality, production environment, product quality, and input use in demonstration bases (parks), and promote full coverage and monitoring of the whole process of fruit and vegetable tea production.
Establish a target assessment mechanism, carry out third-party assessments, and scientifically evaluate the effects of actions.
Improve the fertilizer registration management system, strictly control organic fertilizer raw materials, improve the standard system, and improve the quality of organic fertilizer products.
(6) Do a good job in propaganda and guidance.
Combining the new-type professional farmer training project, the modern young farmer training program, and the new-type agricultural operation main body leader training program, strengthen the training of new-type agricultural operation main body of fruit, vegetable and tea, and play a demonstrative and leading role.
Summarize the good practices and experiences of various localities, set up models, communicate with each other, and advance work.
Make full use of media such as radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet to promote the fruit and vegetable tea organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers in promoting fertilizer reduction and efficiency, product quality and efficiency, agricultural green development, circular development, etc.
, and replace the word "replacement".
Sing loudly and brightly to create a good atmosphere.
Copy: National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Environmental Protection, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, National Supply and Marketing Cooperative.