From large paint, oil to paint, water-based paint, furniture paint has experienced these!

Lacquer has a long history, and archaeologists have found a wooden bowl of lacquer at the site of Hemudu, more than 7,000 years ago.
1: "The origin of
lacquer
paint is very long history, archaeologists found at the site of Hemudu a muscous (tonexiu, refers to the object painted) lacquer bowl, more than 7,000 years ago.
composition of the word "paint" can also be corroborate: the paint comes from the lacque tree (sumach, lacque tree), all the tree names of the Chinese characters from the wood, such as: pine, cypress, birch, Yang and so on, only the word "paint" from the water .
Because the trunk of this tree will flow juice, called "": the upper part from the wood, the middle from the person, the lower from the water, the image shows the connection between the paint tree, the person, the lacquer liquid. Zhuangzi The World has a saying: "Paint is available, so cut", is China's earliest record of cutting raw paint.
2nd: Large paint and
(Chinese lacquer; japan; Japanlac), also known as natural paint, raw paint, earth paint, national paint. Previously, people did not know the chemical principles on which the paint was made, but through constant observation and practice to master the mystery of large paint.
naturally secreted from the lacquer trees, after the sun will form a black shiny paint film, which attracted the attention of the ancients, and think about how to use. Slowly,
people learned to collect more paint from the lacquer tree, brush it on the object, it became the original lacquer.
The artificial cultivation of lacquer trees came into being, "the Book of Poems" records: "the fixed side, in the Chu Palace, in the Chu room, in the Chu room, the tree's chestnuts, chestnuts, dragonflies, mules, paint", indicating that in the pre-Qin period, the lacquer tree has become an economic tree species.
of a lacquered tree
is a deciduous tree with a height of up to 20 meters. The leaves are oval, yellow-green flowers bloom in early summer, and the autumn results are flat spherical. Paint trees are widely distributed in China, and several provinces surrounding the Sichuan Basin are the center of their distribution because they have a warm climate and are well suited for the growth of lacquer trees.
this is artificially planted small wood paint, cutting paint needs to climb trees.
more than eight years of lacquer trees can produce paint, lacquered agricultural shell cut off the bark, shell or bamboo pieces inserted under the knife, the collected lacquer liquid into the barrel, sealed with oil paper to save.
the natural lacquer liquid cut from the lacquer tree, called raw paint, and cooked paint refers to after the sun, stirring, mixed with oil oxidation of raw paint.
for about two hours, and has gone from creamy to chestnut-colored.the main component of
lacquer liquid is lacquer phenol, the other also has gum, nitrogen, moisture and trace amounts of volatile acid, etc. , just cut the paint liquid is milky white viscous, contact with the air after the oxidation color slowly darkened, and finally become maroon shell color.
paint is difficult to adjust to bright color paint, because the paint itself dark color, pigments to join it, it is easy to be conquered by raw paint original color, so most of the ancient lacquer is black, Zhu two colors.
Will paint liquid a little collected in the jar
"Jumen wine smell, the road has frozen bones", Du Fu poetry in Zhu lacquer gate in feudal period is dedicated to the government, ordinary people in order to avoid suspicion mostly choose black paint.
saying that "all people who paint without saying anything are black", and now people also use "dark" to describe the dark night. As for making raw paint black, rust water can be transferred into the paint, iron oxide and paint phenol color reaction, stirring well, brush on the object, black as ink. This kind of black paint is also called black paint, mystery paint.
The Ming and Qing period of large lacquer furniture
although large paint belongs to natural plant paint, but some people come into contact with the dry large paint will be skin allergy, even smell the smell of large paint can make a rash. In this case, the teachers will say is "bitten" by the big paint, in fact, this is the big paint allergy. Generally speaking, without special treatment, you will heal for about seven days.
Aurice Japanese lacquerware
large paint coating application source long, well-known in ancient and modern China and abroad, its environmental impact is small, with waterproof, insecticidal, sterilization, anti-corrosion effect, paint on acidity, salt, moisture endurance.
its function can not only beautify, but also protect objects, has been regarded as the ideal paint of choice, the paint industry is very prosperous, enduring.
Lacquer and porcelain were regarded as symbols of Eastern civilization and later spread to Japan, because the Japanese relied on lacquer in their lives to a much greater extent than other peoples, so Westerners referred to lacquer as "Japan" and porcelain as "China".
the practice of handling chopsticks with large paint is still very popular
the real challenge that big paint encountered in the 20th century. Because of the limitation of single variety, low labor productivity, low batch degree and high cost, with the appearance of modern paint, the application range of large paint is becoming more and more narrow.
because of the low cost of chemical coating raw materials, easy mass production, low cost, multi-function, widely used, almost replaced the application of thousands of years of traditional coatings.
Three: the oil
eucalyptus tree and oil flower
because of the limited production of large paint, the ancients also found the oil (tung oil), oil than large paint is easier to obtain, lower cost, so the ancients often in the paint mixed with oil, oil and paint, to make up for the short, the best use, can be said to be a pioneering, paint (paint) word is so produced.
the eucalyptus seeds used to extract oil
the eucalyptus oil is an industrial vegetable oil that is mechanically pressed to process and refine the picked eucalyptus seeds. The oil content of oily seeds is generally more than 35%, of which the oil content of seed kernels is about 60%.
raw oil is also called embryo oil, the appearance of yellow, slow drying speed, and paint film transparency and viscosity is poor, can not be used directly as coating.
raw oil after high temperature cooking, and add rosin (rosin) as a desiccant, after careful filtration to become cooked oil, stability and coating effect greatly improved, the oil film texture is obvious, not only has a certain hardness, but also has a good stretch and elasticity, but anti-aging performance is not as large paint.
The color difference between cooked oil and raw oil is obvious
the process of cooked oil is more complex, high sensitivity to oil temperature, there is no uniform quality standard for oil products on the market, can be used for coating, but can not guarantee the expected effect.
some poor quality oil film will appear frost flowers, mesh, silk and other phenomena.
oil is extremely widely used, it is the main raw material for the manufacture of paints, inks, and can make tarpton, oil paper, soap, pesticides and pharmaceutical vomit, pesticides and so on.
history, the most common use of oil is the anti-corrosion of ancient wooden buildings, not only low cost, but also very effective.
The ancient Chinese wooden buildings that used the oil to prevent corrosion
the acid contained in the oil is irritating to the mucous membranes, which can damage the liver and kidneys after absorption, and the smell of the volatile acid of the oil is much bigger than that of cooked oil.
it is particularly important to note that the appearance of oil is similar to cooking oil, but can not eat, if the wrong food will lead to severe vomiting. If a small amount of oil is mixed with cooking oil, it is more dangerous and long-term consumption may lead to subacute poisoning.
the traditional oil paper umbrella surface is coated with oil
4: beeswax
China's traditional furniture is coated with "south paint north wax" said. That is, the weather in the south is humid, in order to protect wood, popular with large paint coating, while the northern climate is dry, furniture is mostly beeswax (beeswax) treatment.
but "south paint north wax" is not absolute, painting and waxing practices can be seen in the north and south, in order to prevent the atmospheric humidity temperature changes on the impact of wood.
the source of beeswax is the hive
beeswax, also known as yellow wax, known as "yellow", "honey wax", by the worker responsible for feeding young bees secreted, is the raw material for the construction of the hive.
The main component of beeswax is esters, just secreted beeswax is white transparent, that is, wax scale, chewed by the worker bee, become opaque, was built into a hive, long-term by the mixture of propolis and pollen oil, before becoming familiar yellow.
bees need to ingest 8 servings of honey to secrete 1 serving of beeswax from the wax glands of the abdomen. Statistically, a bee needs to fly 530,000 kilometers to produce 1kg of beeswax. Only 10,000 tons of beeswax are produced worldwide each year.
beeswax products in different forms are The price of pure beeswax is relatively high (about 4 times the price of honey), so most of the materials used for furniture coating are mixed waxes, adding paraffin wax, pine and other substances to the beeswax.
Paraffin is a widely used (e.g. wax paper, crayons, candles, copy paper) and highly controversial substances, paraffin is generally extracted directly from oil, usually, paraffin is considered non-toxic, but in the industrial extraction process often doped with some heavy metal residues.
Paraffin products of petroleum extract
because beeswax is an inert substance, and the wood itself resin and moisture is insoluble, can form a protective layer on the wood surface, isolate water and enhance the glossy texture of the surface, extend the service life;
at the same time wax will not completely seal the original pores of wood, will not affect the natural fragrance of the distribution and heat and cold shrinking breathing effect. Waxing generally uses the process of hot wax, which allows liquid wax to be immersed in wood fibers.
is also the main raw material for candles
after waxing furniture after a period of use, the surface will produce a "wrapping pulp", better protect and moisturize the wood.
although beeswax can not hide the color difference of the wood itself, the protection effect is not as good as the complete isolation of the paint, but it is more able to maintain the beauty of the wood itself.
two limiting factors for the use of beeswax are: First, they are expensive. Two. The waxing process is complex and not suitable for modern production operations.
floor wax
5: Walnut oil
walnut oil wipe furniture is very bright, this usage is also popular in the folk, but it is fundamentally not suitable as a wood coating material.
walnuts and are nutritious.
Walnut oil and oil are vegetable oil, but the difference is that walnut oil is an active oil, unsaturated fatty acid content of more than 80%, after seeping into the wood will break down wood fiber, reduce the strength of wood, thereby affecting the service life of furniture.
is the right way to use walnut oil as cooking oil because of its high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, which have a positive effect on softening blood vessels, lowering cholesterol levels in the body, and preventing arteriosclerosis and thrombosis.
other than beeswax, walnut oil wipe furniture is more likely to absorb ash, because rich in nutrients, but also easy to become a breeding ground for aphids and bacteria.
6: Paints and paints the word
"paint" comes from the combination of oil and large paint, but now the term "coatings" is more widely used as one of the achievements of polymer theory science in the 20th century.
In the 1930s, the chemical industry invented aolic acid, although it is synthetic resin, but finally has not left the vegetable oil raw materials, called synthetic resin paint can also be comfortable, and then, there are a lot of epoxy resin and other pure synthetic things, and then called paint, always feel not quite right.
, we started using the word paint.
the modern coatings industry has grown too rapidly, leading directly to confusion in the use of the two names paint and paint.
By today's standard definition, coatings are the general term for a class of liquid or solid material applied to an object surface to form a solid coating film with protective, decorative or special properties (e.g. insulation, corrosion, etc.).
coating products, how to classify has become a new problem.
typical chemical plant, raw material source for coating products.
paint is clearly no longer available in the industry for a wide range of products, such as powder coatings.
even in the context of liquid coatings, water-based and oily paints should be classified separately because of their very different chemical properties.
The standard sense of the coating needs to form a coating film to play a protective role, and wood wax oil is no paint film full open coating, its principle of action is fundamentally different from other products, if the wood wax oil into the paint category, it seems necessary to modify the definition of the coating.
: Water-based paint and oil-based paint
detailing modern science paint is a difficult thing to do, because the chemical knowledge involved will make the article very boring.
, however, it is still necessary to focus on understanding the difference between water-based paint and oil-based paint for environmental protection and health.
latex paint is one of the most commonly used water-based paint varieties
water-based paint and oily paint more scientific title should be water-based paint and solvent-based paint. Coatings are generally composed of four parts: film-forming substances, pigments, dispersion media (solutionnt) and additives.
dispersion medium is also called solvent, the effect is to dissolve or disperse the film-forming substances in the coating into a uniform liquid, in order to facilitate the construction of film-forming, dispersed media after construction will evaporate into the air.
between water-based coatings and solvent-based coatings is that the dispersion medium is different. Paints that use water as a dispersion medium are called water-based coatings.
water-based coating is a water-soluble resin as a film, polyethylene alcohol and its various modified substances as the representative, in addition to water-soluble alcoholic acid resin, water-soluble epoxy resin and inormeric polymer water-based resin.
coatings that use organic solvents as a dispersion medium are called solvent-based coatings (oily paints/paints). Organic solvents are mainly hydrocarbons, the rest are ketones, alcohols, glycols, ethers, esters, nitro-branched alkanes and so on, such highly volatile organic compounds are the main cause of environmental and health hazards caused by paint.
the VOC data we use is full name Volatile Organic Compounds, which directs the content of organic compounds. VOC can be harmful to the human body, and minor symptoms may include respiratory irritation, eye irritation, headache, dizziness, skin irritation, tiredness, etc., which can lead to liver and kidney damage or cancer.
addition, VOC is photochemical smoke (p