From food to medicine: Research Progress in anticancer of food extracts

Some active substances from food have been proved to have good medical effect In fact, many health food extracts have the potential to fight cancer, such as blood and lymph related cancers Some active substances from food have been proved to have good medical effect In fact, many health food extracts have the potential to fight cancer, such as blood and lymph related cancers There are two types of hematological cancers, one is myeloma, the other is lymphadenoma 60-80% of blood cancer patients will take some health food or health medicine (over-the-counter medicine) There is not a lot of evidence to prove that these health food or drugs are good for the health of patients, but a large number of existing studies are trying to find out the potential anti-cancer potential of this food extract Some data have shown that different food choices can inhibit the progression of cancer Garlic, for example, has long been used as a food flavoring and has been shown to reduce blood pressure, enhance immunity and induce programmed cell death in lymphocytic leukemia Allicin is the main active substance in garlic However, allicin (and other food extracts) from these healthy foods have not passed the early clinical trials, so many of them have not been used as drugs Many extracts from food (including Chinese herbal medicine, edible fungus, etc.) have good biological activity and are used in different stages of clinical treatment of cancer in many blood circulation systems and lymphatic systems The clinical practice and experimental progress of active extracts in different blood and lymph related cancers were reviewed Leukemia originates from abnormal hematopoietic activity In the normal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow will differentiate into various mature blood cells or lymphocytes Leukaemia occurs because the differentiation process is blocked Many hematopoietic cells are not fully differentiated, and many blood cells or lymphocytes that cannot work normally or are immature are rapidly formed One of the earliest studies has shown that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA, a metabolite of vitamin A) has a good effect on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) All trans retinoic acid can induce the differentiation of acute promyelocytes in vitro Later, patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated with all trans retinoic acid, and their symptoms were significantly relieved Since then, all trans retinoic acid has been used as the mainstream treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, which has increased the five-year memory activity rate of patients by more than 90% In clinical practice, for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, there are still some times when the combination of chemotherapy and ATRA will be used, even if chemotherapy has great side effects on patients Recently, a three-phase clinical trial is under way, which uses the combination of arsenic trioxide (the main component of arsenic) and all trans retinoic acid ATRA It has been proved to have better effect than the combination of chemotherapy and ATRA In addition to arsenic trioxide and ATRA, there are many extracts from food used in clinical trials Dandelion root tea, for example, has been shown to be effective against leukemia and has been approved for phase I clinical testing Lymphoma originates from the malignant proliferation of lymphocytes and causes the enlargement of lymph nodes For example, oral tea polyphenol e (from green tea) has been proved to have a positive effect on lymphocytic leukemia, and has passed the second phase of clinical practice There is also evidence that curcumin may have some effect on this kind of tumor Curcumin is being used in a phase II clinical trial to treat patients with MGUS of undetermined significance Curcumin, similar to tea polyphenol e, is a polyphenol compound, which has been proved to be a very healthy plant extract In another clinical study, 5.0g resveratrol was taken orally daily to treat multiple myeloma and passed the second phase clinical test Although resveratrol is not as effective as the commonly used bortezomib, the polyphenol extract from grapes is very safe and has no side effects as bortezomib Myelodysplastic syndrome myelodysplastic syndrome is caused by the normal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells Abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic cells leads to the decrease of peripheral blood cells This leads to patients being very sensitive to bacterial and viral infections, which can be fatal if they are not careful Many low-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndrome die from bacterial infection Several research groups have found that β - glucan can enhance immunity This is an extract from mushroom (Grifola frondosa), which has been tested for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the second phase of clinical practice After 12 weeks, the immune level of the patients was improved compared with that of the control group In addition, the effect of calcitriol (a form of vitamin D) on myelodysplastic syndrome and acute promyelocytic leukemia has also passed a lot of clinical experiments, but the effect seems not significant The safety of health food extracts considering that most of these extracts are from food, these extracts are relatively safe Because people have eaten these foods, they have passed some kinds of tests However, because the doses of these extracts are very large (at least higher than those in food) at the time of administration, the dose effect of these extracts cannot be ignored Therefore, patients are not recommended to take these extracts from health food by themselves And studies have shown that some extracts interfere with the effects of other drugs For example, tea polyphenols and vitamin D can affect the efficacy of bortezomib in the treatment of lymphoma It is concluded that the extract from food has great advantages over synthetic drugs First of all, the method of dietotherapy makes patients more receptive At the same time, the side effects of these extracts on human body have been tested by many "natural" tests If the dosage is small, these extracts will be safer as drugs In fact, this research also links traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine A large number of herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, if we carefully study the combination of extracts from different herbs, the activity can achieve good results However, the research on the components and extracts of Chinese herbal medicine has not been paid attention to As the essence of traditional Chinese medicine, there are many places for us to discover, inherit and innovate By using "modern methods" and finding the active substances in Chinese herbal medicines, ancient medicine should be full of new vitality Note: biological therapy is the fourth major therapy for cancer after operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, according to the tumor biological therapy center of the second hospital of Beijing Armed Police Biological therapy adopts auto cell immunotherapy technology, which can not only improve the auto immune mechanism, but also inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, completely eliminate the remaining lesions left by other treatments, not only can effectively kill the remaining tumor cells, but also can prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis "Due to the fact that the biological therapy uses the patient's own immune cells, it is safe, efficient and almost has no side effects, and will not bring damage to the human immune system It can significantly improve the quality of life of patients, improve their survival expectations, and conform to the green anti-tumor concept that scientists have been pursuing It has become a mainstream trend of cancer treatment in the future." 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