Four major problems in the first talent report of China

Introduction: the 2005 China Talent report - talent development in the process of building a harmonious society (yellow book), edited by the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, Ministry of personnel, has been published recently This report is the first systematic talent analysis report in China On October 8, the reporter interviewed Dr Li Jianzhong, the director of the report and the Policy Research Office of the Chinese Academy of personnel Sciences under the Ministry of personnel Li Jianzhong said that since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, China's talent cause has made great progress, but there are still many problems in terms of the total number of talents, the reserve of senior talents and the effective allocation of talents and economic structure development There are three main characteristics in China's talent development: "the total number of talent team continues to grow steadily; the quality of talent is gradually improved; the talent is over concentrated to the tertiary industry; the regional distribution of talent is still strong in the East and weak in the west, and China's talent resource allocation is in a historical turning process, which is the most important characteristic of talent development in mainland China." Li Jianzhong First, the report on the tendency of over concentration of talents in the tertiary industry shows that at present, the outstanding feature of the distribution of talents industry in China is that the industrial structure of talents and the industrial distribution of national economy form a sharp contrast The number of technical talents in the primary and secondary industries is obviously low, and the educational background of the employees needs to be improved In terms of the output value of the three industries, in 2002, the output value of the first, second and third industries was 15.3%, 50.4% and 34.3% respectively; in terms of the employment personnel, the proportion of the employment personnel in the first, second and third industries was 50%, 21% and 29% respectively, while the proportion of the technical personnel in secondary schools was 5%, 18% and 77%, and the proportion of the educated personnel above the university level was 1.2%, 15.2% and 83.6%, which was too different This means that while the tertiary industry concentrates a large number of talents, the contribution rate of talents to the national economy is significantly lower than that of other industries, which is not compatible with the goal of strengthening the basic position of agriculture and developing a large manufacturing country Second, non-public units will be the absolute main force to receive talents According to the report, at present, great changes have taken place in China's ownership structure and employment structure, resulting in the coexistence of multiple economic components, which also brings about fundamental changes in the structure of China's talent team Its outstanding performance is that the number of employees and the total number of talents in state-owned enterprises have been declining since the end of 1990s In 1996, the total number of employees in state-owned enterprises (including civil servants) was 109.49 million, only 74.09 million in 2001, an average annual decrease of more than 5%; since 1999, the number of professional and technical personnel in state-owned enterprises has decreased by 1.3 million, a decrease of 4%; the number of party and government talents has decreased by 590000, a decrease of 7%; the number of management talents in state-owned enterprises has decreased from 2.625 million in 1998 to 2.213 million in 2002, again in 2003 Picked up At the same time, from 1994 to 2003, the total number of employees and professional technicians in non-state-owned units increased 29 times and 3.4 times respectively; the total number of employees and professional technicians in non-state-owned units accounted for 23% and 11% of the total number of employees in China, respectively According to the report, with the further development of China's economic system reform, non-public employers will become Chinese in the future The main direction of employment Third, the distribution of professional and technical talents is very unreasonable, which is mainly reflected in: first, the distribution of talents in different ownership units is unreasonable At present, more than 70% of the total professional and technical talents are mainly distributed in state-owned enterprises and institutions 2、 Industry and industry distribution need to be adjusted For example, in the tertiary industry, the proportion of talents in scientific research, social services, financial management, real estate, commerce, catering, transportation and other industries is low, which need to be supplemented and strengthened 3、 Unreasonable distribution of disciplines or specialties Education, health, economy, accounting and other personnel account for more than 70% of the total number of professional and technical personnel, while engineering and technical professionals only account for 18% of the total Among the professionals engaged in research and development (R & D), new materials, new energy, biotechnology, modern medicine, environmental protection and other professionals are in short supply There are four major problems in the development of China's talent market According to the report, although the process of marketization of China's talent resource allocation has been launched and remarkable achievements have been achieved, due to the constraints of many factors, the degree of marketization of China's talent is not high enough, and there are several problems as follows 1 Restriction of household registration system Because of the current household registration system, many graduates consider the implementation of household registration, many people are not willing to find their own suitable jobs in private enterprises, especially in Beijing, Shanghai and other big cities, which are still strictly restricted, which seriously restrict the cross regional flow of talents, and become an important factor affecting the talent factor market Second, the reform of personnel file system lags behind The disadvantages of the traditional personnel file management system and the development of China's economy and society are as follows: the single state-owned unit personnel file management mode is not suitable for the new situation of coexistence of various ownership economic organizations; the current "personnel file separation, charge management" floating personnel file management method is not in line with the needs of establishing a unified and open talent market; and the traditional personnel file The collection and utilization system of the case does not meet the requirements of "the state respects and safeguards human rights" [NextPage] 3 The personnel system reform has not been fully in place However, due to the imperfections of the temporary provisions on the dismissal and resignation of professional technicians and managers in institutions owned by the whole people and the temporary provisions on the resignation and dismissal of civil servants, the export of state organs and institutions has been affected, resulting in the situation that those who want to go out cannot go out, and those who are not competent should not go, which all lead to the difficulty of the main body of supply and demand in the talent market In order to be fully in place, the operation mechanism of the talent market is not perfect, and the regulatory role of market supply and demand, price and competition mechanism in the allocation of talent resources cannot be fully played 4 The talent market management system has not been completely straightened out As far as the whole country is concerned, many places have not yet established the law enforcement and inspection system of talent flow and talent market activities, and have not implemented daily and immediate supervision and management of talent flow and talent market activities The employment discrimination, occupational safety and rights protection problems in the talent market have suddenly emerged, which has affected the healthy development of the talent market -Every 1% increase in the total number of talents in China will drive the economic growth by 1.28% In 2010, at least 17.46 million professional and technical talents were missing Statistical analysis shows that there is a high correlation between talent development and economic development From the aspect of average annual growth rate, from 1978 to 2003, the average annual growth rate of total talents was 7.34%, the average annual growth rate of real economic total GDP was 9.38%, and the elasticity coefficient of economic growth to the growth of total talents was 1.28, that is to say, every 1% growth of total talents boosted the economic growth by 1.28% According to the report forecast of the most shortage of talents in the second and third industries during the 11th Five Year Plan period, by 2010, the supply and demand gap of professional and technical talents in China will be 17.46-26.65 million, including 2.115-2.243 million in the first industry, 11.728-12.666 million in the second industry, 31.707-34.217 million in the third industry, 4.146-4.408 million in the emerging industry Compared with the lowest level of developed countries in the mid-1990s (about 11%), the gap is between 2% and 3% Compared with the mid-term of the Tenth Five Year Plan (2003), the total talent gap is 26.18 million-29.68 million, and the gap between the first, second, third and emerging industries is 520000-648000, 352900-4467000, 8645000-11.155 million, 862000-1.124 million, respectively The gap between the proportion of graduates in employment is 5% - 6% At the end of the 11th five year plan, there were 80 million skilled talents in China as a whole During the 11th five year plan, there were problems of total shortage and structural shortage in the development of professional and technical talents in China In terms of the total amount, it is expected that by the end of the 11th five year plan, the total number of skilled talents in China will reach 80 million, and the proportion of high skilled talents dominated by technicians and senior technicians will reach 5%, including 1.2 million senior technicians, accounting for 1.5%, and 2.8 million technicians, accounting for 3.5% Each year, an average of 240000 senior skilled talents are newly trained, and 1.2 million new talents are added in five years Meanwhile, 20 million senior workers, 32 million intermediate workers and 24 million primary workers are trained, accounting for 25%, 40% and 30% of skilled talents respectively In terms of structure, the shortage of talents in the secondary and tertiary industries is more prominent, which is closely related to the industrial development strategy of China In the future, the development of industrialization and modern service industry will obviously increase the demand for talents.