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Picture: About 13 million years ago, the Vishnu otter spread from the Indian subcontinent to Africa and Europe
.
The star (ham4) indicates the location of the Hammerschmiede fossil site
.
Image credit: Nikos Kargopoulos
.
Researchers from the University of Tübingen and the University of Zaragoza discovered a previously unknown species of otter in the 11.
4 million-year-old strata at the Hammersmead fossil site
.
In 2019, the excavation site in the Allgüu region of Germany was famous for the discovery of the biped "Guggenmosi on the Danube"
.
The new species published today in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology is named Vishnuonyx neptuni, which means the Vishnu otter of Neptune
.
Under the guidance of Professor Madelaine B?hme of the Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment at Tübingen University, the research team is conducting excavations in Hammersmead
.
It has recovered more than 130 extinct vertebrates from river sediments believed to be the Gugonz people
.
Dispersion of the Vishnu Otter
Today, one in six predatory mammals live in water, either in the ocean, such as seals, or in fresh water, such as otters
.
The evolutionary history of today's 13 species of otters is relatively unexplored
.
Recent discoveries indicate that the Vishnu otter arrived in East Africa about 12 million years ago
.
This discovery, found in the Hammerschmiede rock formation, now 11.
4 million years ago, is the first evidence that they also occurred in Europe—probably from India to the entire Old World
This formed Paratethys, a large area of Eurasian waters that stretched from Vienna to the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan today
.
12 million years ago, it had only one narrow connection with the Indian Ocean, which is now the Arak Strait in Armenia
.
Fish predator teeth
At the recently established Visualization, Digitization and Replication Center in the Department of Earth Sciences at Tübingen University, researchers use computer tomography to visualize the finest details of fossil tooth structures
.
This technique can accurately observe very small structures on otter teeth
.
DOI
10.
