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Finding highly sensitive and specific tumor markers for early diagnosis, guiding treatment, evaluating curative effect and prognosis is one of the keys to overcome malignant tumors and solve clinical diagnosis and treatment problems
.
With the development of gene technology, various tumor markers such as DNA and RNA have been discovered, which has greatly promoted the progress of cancer research
.
At the 2021 China Cancer Markers Academic Conference and the 15th Tumor Marker Young Scientists Forum (CCTB) held recently, Professor Ling Zhiqiang from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences shared the research progress of gastric cancer-related markers
.
The fixed width and height background can be set on the fixed layout toolbar.
It can be included.
You can perfectly align the background image and text and make your own templates.
The extension of genomic markers; the corresponding detection technology has realized the transformation from static detection to dynamic monitoring, from ordinary sequencing technology to high-throughput sequencing, single-cell sequencing and even artificial intelligence technology
.
New tumor markers: LncRNA, CirRNA, MiRNAlncRNA are functional RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides
.
In various physiological processes, lncRNA plays a key role in controlling gene expression
.
Abnormal expression of lncRNA is an important factor in tumor occurrence, and is involved in the occurrence of blood vessels and cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis
.
At present, through high-throughput sequencing technology, it has been found that the expression level of a large number of lncRNAs is closely related to the histological grade of gastric cancer, tumor diameter, TNM staging, lymphatic metastasis, perineural infiltration, and venous invasion
.
circRNA is a special type of non-coding RNA molecule (sometimes expressed in the living body), and it is also the latest research hotspot in the RNA field
.
circRNA has attracted more and more attention due to its specificity of expression and complexity of regulation, as well as its important role in the occurrence of diseases
.
miRNA is a type of endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNA with a length of about 19-25 nt and high conservation
.
It forms a RISC complex by loading into the AGO2 protein to perform post-transcriptional regulation of target genes and plays a very important role in biological processes
.
lncRNA-KRTAP5-AS1 and lncRNA-TUBB2A can be used as competitive endogenous RNA to affect the function of Claudin-4, so they can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer
.
Serum lncRNA BLACAT1 is significantly up-regulated in a variety of tumor tissues and serum, and can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for pan-cancer
.
The expression of LINC01133 is down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and its expression level is significantly negatively correlated with the poor prognosis of patients; its low expression promotes the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, and induces the occurrence of gastric cancer cells EMT.
Therefore, LINC01133 may become a potential gastric cancer Prognostic markers and anti-metastatic therapy targets
.
lncRNA MT1JP inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotes apoptosis, which can be used as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for gastric cancer
.
Serum exosomal lncRNA HOTTIP may be a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer; high expression of exosomal lncRNA HOTTIP is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer
.
The expression of lncRNA MACC1-AS1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and is significantly related to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
It can also promote the metabolic plasticity of gastric cancer cells and is a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer
.
lncRNA-GC1 shows higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, especially for gastric cancer patients with negative gastric cancer markers
.
In addition, from early to late stage, the level of circulating exosomes lncRNA-GC1 is significantly correlated with gastric cancer.
Therefore, lncRNA-GC1 can be used as a noninvasive marker for early gastric cancer and monitoring disease progression
.
lncRNA MNX1-AS1 is a new and effective therapeutic target for gastric cancer
.
lncRNA CRNDE may be a new prognostic and therapeutic marker for gastric cancer
.
The exosomal lncUEGC1 has certain prospects in the development of highly sensitive, stable and non-invasive diagnostic markers for early gastric cancer
.
circLARP4 may serve as a new tumor suppressor and potential gastric cancer marker
.
Circulating CIRC-KIAA1244 can be used as a new potential marker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer
.
circMRPS35 and its related pathways may be key targets for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer
.
circCCDC9 plays a role as a tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in gastric cancer
.
ctDNA circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a tumor marker with broad application prospects, high sensitivity and high specificity
.
ctDNA detection has great potential as an early cancer screening
.
A study of ctDNA methylation related to the diagnosis of gastric cancer in the United States conducted RRBS sequencing, statistical screening and qMSP detection on 14 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and 42 control tissues, and selected more than 2 million DNA methylation sites 16 DNA methylation regions are used as candidate DNA methylation markers (MDMs)
.
The analysis found that ELMO1, ZNF569, and C13orf18 are highly sensitive and specific plasma DNA methylation marker combinations that can be used for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, providing a non-invasive and accurate gastric adenocarcinoma detection method for gastric adenocarcinoma patients, but further Validated by clinical research
.
DNA modifications such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are epigenetic markers that are known to affect the entire gene expression of mammals
.
They are ubiquitous in the human genome, are closely related to gene expression, and have high chemical stability.
These DNA epigenetic modifications can be used as ideal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis
.
Researchers used a stable and efficient method based on profile analysis to locate 5hmC in plasma cfDNA samples of cancer patients, and found a 5hmC biomarker that can distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals, which has a higher level of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer.
The sensitivity and specificity
.
The study also found that ctDNA can be used as a potential biomarker of immunotherapy response to advanced gastric cancer, and its role in predicting immune-related adverse reactions is worthy of further exploration
.
The interaction between the immune-related tumor marker PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 induces the suppression of T cell receptor signals, leading to a down-regulation of the immune response, thereby promoting tumor cells to evade immune destruction or immune surveillance
.
Studies have found that the correlation between the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients can be used as a surrogate marker for PD-L1-positive gastric cancer and can guide the treatment strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
.
As an immunosuppressive cytokine, TGF-β has a wide range of inhibitory effects on the immune response through different mechanisms
.
More and more data in pre-clinical or clinical trials show that blocking TGF-β signaling is an effective way to treat tumors.
It can reduce Treg-mediated immune suppression, increase T cell toxicity, and promote T cell penetration into the tumor center.
Thereby causing strong anti-tumor immunity and tumor regression
.
TGFβ2 is a key factor that controls the recruitment of immune cells to gastric cancer, and may play an important role in controlling immune cell infiltration, so it is a valuable prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer
.
.
With the development of gene technology, various tumor markers such as DNA and RNA have been discovered, which has greatly promoted the progress of cancer research
.
At the 2021 China Cancer Markers Academic Conference and the 15th Tumor Marker Young Scientists Forum (CCTB) held recently, Professor Ling Zhiqiang from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences shared the research progress of gastric cancer-related markers
.
The fixed width and height background can be set on the fixed layout toolbar.
It can be included.
You can perfectly align the background image and text and make your own templates.
The extension of genomic markers; the corresponding detection technology has realized the transformation from static detection to dynamic monitoring, from ordinary sequencing technology to high-throughput sequencing, single-cell sequencing and even artificial intelligence technology
.
New tumor markers: LncRNA, CirRNA, MiRNAlncRNA are functional RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides
.
In various physiological processes, lncRNA plays a key role in controlling gene expression
.
Abnormal expression of lncRNA is an important factor in tumor occurrence, and is involved in the occurrence of blood vessels and cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis
.
At present, through high-throughput sequencing technology, it has been found that the expression level of a large number of lncRNAs is closely related to the histological grade of gastric cancer, tumor diameter, TNM staging, lymphatic metastasis, perineural infiltration, and venous invasion
.
circRNA is a special type of non-coding RNA molecule (sometimes expressed in the living body), and it is also the latest research hotspot in the RNA field
.
circRNA has attracted more and more attention due to its specificity of expression and complexity of regulation, as well as its important role in the occurrence of diseases
.
miRNA is a type of endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNA with a length of about 19-25 nt and high conservation
.
It forms a RISC complex by loading into the AGO2 protein to perform post-transcriptional regulation of target genes and plays a very important role in biological processes
.
lncRNA-KRTAP5-AS1 and lncRNA-TUBB2A can be used as competitive endogenous RNA to affect the function of Claudin-4, so they can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer
.
Serum lncRNA BLACAT1 is significantly up-regulated in a variety of tumor tissues and serum, and can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for pan-cancer
.
The expression of LINC01133 is down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and its expression level is significantly negatively correlated with the poor prognosis of patients; its low expression promotes the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, and induces the occurrence of gastric cancer cells EMT.
Therefore, LINC01133 may become a potential gastric cancer Prognostic markers and anti-metastatic therapy targets
.
lncRNA MT1JP inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotes apoptosis, which can be used as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for gastric cancer
.
Serum exosomal lncRNA HOTTIP may be a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer; high expression of exosomal lncRNA HOTTIP is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer
.
The expression of lncRNA MACC1-AS1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and is significantly related to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
It can also promote the metabolic plasticity of gastric cancer cells and is a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer
.
lncRNA-GC1 shows higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, especially for gastric cancer patients with negative gastric cancer markers
.
In addition, from early to late stage, the level of circulating exosomes lncRNA-GC1 is significantly correlated with gastric cancer.
Therefore, lncRNA-GC1 can be used as a noninvasive marker for early gastric cancer and monitoring disease progression
.
lncRNA MNX1-AS1 is a new and effective therapeutic target for gastric cancer
.
lncRNA CRNDE may be a new prognostic and therapeutic marker for gastric cancer
.
The exosomal lncUEGC1 has certain prospects in the development of highly sensitive, stable and non-invasive diagnostic markers for early gastric cancer
.
circLARP4 may serve as a new tumor suppressor and potential gastric cancer marker
.
Circulating CIRC-KIAA1244 can be used as a new potential marker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer
.
circMRPS35 and its related pathways may be key targets for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer
.
circCCDC9 plays a role as a tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in gastric cancer
.
ctDNA circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a tumor marker with broad application prospects, high sensitivity and high specificity
.
ctDNA detection has great potential as an early cancer screening
.
A study of ctDNA methylation related to the diagnosis of gastric cancer in the United States conducted RRBS sequencing, statistical screening and qMSP detection on 14 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and 42 control tissues, and selected more than 2 million DNA methylation sites 16 DNA methylation regions are used as candidate DNA methylation markers (MDMs)
.
The analysis found that ELMO1, ZNF569, and C13orf18 are highly sensitive and specific plasma DNA methylation marker combinations that can be used for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, providing a non-invasive and accurate gastric adenocarcinoma detection method for gastric adenocarcinoma patients, but further Validated by clinical research
.
DNA modifications such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are epigenetic markers that are known to affect the entire gene expression of mammals
.
They are ubiquitous in the human genome, are closely related to gene expression, and have high chemical stability.
These DNA epigenetic modifications can be used as ideal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis
.
Researchers used a stable and efficient method based on profile analysis to locate 5hmC in plasma cfDNA samples of cancer patients, and found a 5hmC biomarker that can distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals, which has a higher level of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer.
The sensitivity and specificity
.
The study also found that ctDNA can be used as a potential biomarker of immunotherapy response to advanced gastric cancer, and its role in predicting immune-related adverse reactions is worthy of further exploration
.
The interaction between the immune-related tumor marker PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 induces the suppression of T cell receptor signals, leading to a down-regulation of the immune response, thereby promoting tumor cells to evade immune destruction or immune surveillance
.
Studies have found that the correlation between the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients can be used as a surrogate marker for PD-L1-positive gastric cancer and can guide the treatment strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
.
As an immunosuppressive cytokine, TGF-β has a wide range of inhibitory effects on the immune response through different mechanisms
.
More and more data in pre-clinical or clinical trials show that blocking TGF-β signaling is an effective way to treat tumors.
It can reduce Treg-mediated immune suppression, increase T cell toxicity, and promote T cell penetration into the tumor center.
Thereby causing strong anti-tumor immunity and tumor regression
.
TGFβ2 is a key factor that controls the recruitment of immune cells to gastric cancer, and may play an important role in controlling immune cell infiltration, so it is a valuable prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer
.
