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From May 10 to 11, the National Agricultural Technology Center organized the forecasting technicians and relevant experts from the major southern rice-producing provinces to hold a national conference on the occurrence of major diseases and insect pests of early rice in Beijing
.
Based on the comprehensive analysis of current pests and diseases, climatic conditions and rice cultivation, the participating experts predict that this year's early rice pests and diseases will be more serious than the previous year, with an area of 319 million acres
.
Among them, the main pests are rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and rice borer, with an area of 220 million mu; the main diseases are rice blast and rice sheath blight, with an area of 99 million mu
.
1.
Occurrence trend? (1) Rice insect pests are expected to occur at a higher level in most of South China, most of Jiangnan, and southern southwestern rice areas, which is heavier than the previous year, with an area of 82 million mu occurrences; rice leaf roller It occurs more frequently in the rice areas of central South China and the middle and western areas of the Yangtze River, moderately occurring in the rice areas of the east of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which is heavier than the previous year, with an area of 70 million mu; The occurrence of mixed planting of single and double-season rice in some areas of the southeast and Jianghan Plain is large, and other rice areas in the south of the Yangtze River are moderately occurring, which is heavier than the previous year, with an area of 50 million mu; , A moderate occurrence in some parts of northeastern Guangdong, lighter than the previous year, with an area of 8 million mu; rice borers and other pests occurred to a certain extent in some rice areas, with an area of 10 million mu
.
(2) Rice disease Sheath blight occurs in the middle and western regions of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
It occurs more frequently in most parts of South China and the eastern part of the Yangtze River.
It is close to normal and covers an area of 76 million mu; rice blast often occurs in South China, Jiangnan, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Occurrence is moderate in the area, and the risk of recurrence of susceptible varieties and historical disease areas is high, which is heavier than the previous year, and the incidence area is 16 million mu; rice bacterial leaf blight, rice bacterial streak streak and southern rice black streaked dwarf are part There is a certain degree of occurrence in the rice area, with an area of 7 million mu times
.
2.
Prediction basis? (1) Most pests and diseases have a more severe occurrence base? Affected by the early flood season in South China, this year's rice planthoppers migrated early and in large numbers.
.
According to the monitoring of the regional station of the National Pest Monitoring and Reporting Network, rice planthoppers detected the first migration peak with a single-lamp single-day attracting more than 100 insects in Pubei, Guangxi on March 18, 5-15 days earlier than normal; The immigration peaks were monitored from late March to early April along the coasts of southern Guangxi and southwestern Yunnan, and from mid-April to early May in southern China, southwestern China, and southern Jiangnan.
The number of imported insects was 40% -150 higher than the same period of the previous year.
%
.
Currently, the number of rice planthoppers in the field is 100-700, which is higher than the same period last year
.
Some fields in Qionghai, Hainan, Zhongshan and Yangjiang in Guangdong, Hepu, Qinbei, Rongxian, Cenxi in Guangxi, Yuanyang in Yunnan, Dayu, Xinfeng, Anyuan in Jiangxi, etc.
have exceeded the control index, with the population of 100 clusters as high as 1000- 4000 heads
.
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis began to migrate into the rice areas of South China in early March, and the migration peak was monitored in western Guangdong in late April.
The migration period is 10-15 days earlier than normal; the fields in western Guangdong, southern Guangxi and southwestern Guangxi The amount of insect eggs is high.
The amount of moths per mu is generally 100-400, and the high is 500-700, and Yangdong, Guangdong is up to 3000; the amount of larvae per mu is generally 500-2000, and the larvae are 3000-5500.
In Maoming, Yangjiang, Guangdong, The number of eggs in Hepu, Pubei and other places in Guangxi is as high as 20,000 eggs; the amount of eggs per mu is generally 5,000-10,000, and the number of eggs in Yangjiang, Guangdong is as high as 40,000
.
The base number of Chilo suppressalis after winter in the middle-northern Jiangnan and middle reaches of the Yangtze River is generally 1500-4500 per mu.
Loudi, Hunan and Linchuan, Jiangxi have more than 10,000, and they have the base of insect source that is more serious than the occurrence of the first generation of Chilo suppressalis
.
Sheath blight occurs severely all year round, with the accumulation of bacterial source base, and the field bacterial source is large; rice blast is seen early in the early rice area of South China, and the incidence is heavier than the same period of the previous year.
In addition, the occurrence of mid-late rice last year is wide, and the field source of bacteria is sufficient.
, Have the basis of disease epidemic
.
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is found locally in early rice areas in South China, with a diseased plant rate of less than 0.
1%.
According to the test of South China Agricultural University, the vector-borne planthopper, the white backed planthopper, has a virulent rate of less than 1%, and it is at risk of prevalence in early rice.
small
.
(2) Early rice variety layout and cultivation and management conditions are beneficial to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
Among the main rice varieties, the proportion of rice blast resistant varieties is not high.
For example, the representative rice blast observation nursery established by the Agricultural Science Institute of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, the results show that 21 19 of the rice varieties have the disease, which is conducive to the occurrence of rice blast; under high water and fertilizer cultivation conditions, the rice grows large and the field is dense, and it is easy to form a field microclimate with suitable temperature and high humidity, which is suitable for the occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests.
Multiply and spread
.
At the same time, the mixed planting area of early-mid-season rice is large in the rice regions of the south of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River
.
.
Based on the comprehensive analysis of current pests and diseases, climatic conditions and rice cultivation, the participating experts predict that this year's early rice pests and diseases will be more serious than the previous year, with an area of 319 million acres
.
Among them, the main pests are rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and rice borer, with an area of 220 million mu; the main diseases are rice blast and rice sheath blight, with an area of 99 million mu
.
1.
Occurrence trend? (1) Rice insect pests are expected to occur at a higher level in most of South China, most of Jiangnan, and southern southwestern rice areas, which is heavier than the previous year, with an area of 82 million mu occurrences; rice leaf roller It occurs more frequently in the rice areas of central South China and the middle and western areas of the Yangtze River, moderately occurring in the rice areas of the east of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which is heavier than the previous year, with an area of 70 million mu; The occurrence of mixed planting of single and double-season rice in some areas of the southeast and Jianghan Plain is large, and other rice areas in the south of the Yangtze River are moderately occurring, which is heavier than the previous year, with an area of 50 million mu; , A moderate occurrence in some parts of northeastern Guangdong, lighter than the previous year, with an area of 8 million mu; rice borers and other pests occurred to a certain extent in some rice areas, with an area of 10 million mu
.
(2) Rice disease Sheath blight occurs in the middle and western regions of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
It occurs more frequently in most parts of South China and the eastern part of the Yangtze River.
It is close to normal and covers an area of 76 million mu; rice blast often occurs in South China, Jiangnan, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Occurrence is moderate in the area, and the risk of recurrence of susceptible varieties and historical disease areas is high, which is heavier than the previous year, and the incidence area is 16 million mu; rice bacterial leaf blight, rice bacterial streak streak and southern rice black streaked dwarf are part There is a certain degree of occurrence in the rice area, with an area of 7 million mu times
.
2.
Prediction basis? (1) Most pests and diseases have a more severe occurrence base? Affected by the early flood season in South China, this year's rice planthoppers migrated early and in large numbers.
.
According to the monitoring of the regional station of the National Pest Monitoring and Reporting Network, rice planthoppers detected the first migration peak with a single-lamp single-day attracting more than 100 insects in Pubei, Guangxi on March 18, 5-15 days earlier than normal; The immigration peaks were monitored from late March to early April along the coasts of southern Guangxi and southwestern Yunnan, and from mid-April to early May in southern China, southwestern China, and southern Jiangnan.
The number of imported insects was 40% -150 higher than the same period of the previous year.
%
.
Currently, the number of rice planthoppers in the field is 100-700, which is higher than the same period last year
.
Some fields in Qionghai, Hainan, Zhongshan and Yangjiang in Guangdong, Hepu, Qinbei, Rongxian, Cenxi in Guangxi, Yuanyang in Yunnan, Dayu, Xinfeng, Anyuan in Jiangxi, etc.
have exceeded the control index, with the population of 100 clusters as high as 1000- 4000 heads
.
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis began to migrate into the rice areas of South China in early March, and the migration peak was monitored in western Guangdong in late April.
The migration period is 10-15 days earlier than normal; the fields in western Guangdong, southern Guangxi and southwestern Guangxi The amount of insect eggs is high.
The amount of moths per mu is generally 100-400, and the high is 500-700, and Yangdong, Guangdong is up to 3000; the amount of larvae per mu is generally 500-2000, and the larvae are 3000-5500.
In Maoming, Yangjiang, Guangdong, The number of eggs in Hepu, Pubei and other places in Guangxi is as high as 20,000 eggs; the amount of eggs per mu is generally 5,000-10,000, and the number of eggs in Yangjiang, Guangdong is as high as 40,000
.
The base number of Chilo suppressalis after winter in the middle-northern Jiangnan and middle reaches of the Yangtze River is generally 1500-4500 per mu.
Loudi, Hunan and Linchuan, Jiangxi have more than 10,000, and they have the base of insect source that is more serious than the occurrence of the first generation of Chilo suppressalis
.
Sheath blight occurs severely all year round, with the accumulation of bacterial source base, and the field bacterial source is large; rice blast is seen early in the early rice area of South China, and the incidence is heavier than the same period of the previous year.
In addition, the occurrence of mid-late rice last year is wide, and the field source of bacteria is sufficient.
, Have the basis of disease epidemic
.
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is found locally in early rice areas in South China, with a diseased plant rate of less than 0.
1%.
According to the test of South China Agricultural University, the vector-borne planthopper, the white backed planthopper, has a virulent rate of less than 1%, and it is at risk of prevalence in early rice.
small
.
(2) Early rice variety layout and cultivation and management conditions are beneficial to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
Among the main rice varieties, the proportion of rice blast resistant varieties is not high.
For example, the representative rice blast observation nursery established by the Agricultural Science Institute of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, the results show that 21 19 of the rice varieties have the disease, which is conducive to the occurrence of rice blast; under high water and fertilizer cultivation conditions, the rice grows large and the field is dense, and it is easy to form a field microclimate with suitable temperature and high humidity, which is suitable for the occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests.
Multiply and spread
.
At the same time, the mixed planting area of early-mid-season rice is large in the rice regions of the south of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River
.
