For the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, cell journal's latest research progress at a glance (No. 3)

http://photos.!--.s---- July 28, 2020 /--- PRNewswire/ -- Since December 8, 2019, several cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.most of the patients work or live near the local South China Seafood Wholesale Market.in the early stages of this pneumonia, severe symptoms of acute respiratory infections develop, and some patients develop rapidly into acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, acute respiratory failure and other serious complications.January 7, 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified a new type of coronavirus from a patient's pharynx sample, initially named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO).most patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia have mild symptoms and a good prognosis.so far, some patients have developed severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS or multiple organ failure and death.a transmission mirror image of SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) from NIAID RML.11 February 2020, WHO renamed the disease 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).on the same day, the Coronary Virus Research Group of the International Committee on Virus Classification and Naming viruses published an article on bioRxiv, noting that the team had decided that the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV was a variant of the 2002-2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)., the new pathogen was renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2.note sharply, although the International Classification Board's Coronary Virus Study Group named the virus SARS-CoV-2, the team's chairman, John Ziebuhr, does not believe that the name (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, also known as atypical pneumonia).however, the renaming of the virus has caused a lot of controversy.the World Health Organization is not satisfied with the name SARS-CoV-2 and does not intend to use it, science.com reported.coronavirus can cause multi-system infections in a variety of animals.had previously had six coronaviruses that could infect humans, mainly causing respiratory infections in humans: two highly deadly coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and MERS coronaviruses (MERS-CoV);based on the serious harm caused by the outbreak in China and around the world, the small group combed through the 2019-nCoV/COVID-19 study published in cell magazine for readers.. Our scientists have published another Cell paper! Anatomy of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 sting protein mutations on viral infection and antigens doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.012SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded positive-stranded RNA virus whose genome encodes four structural proteins: sting protein (S), small protein (E), matrix protein (M) and nucleoshell protein (N).S protein is a type I fusion protein that forms a tripolymer on the surface of viral particles.it consists of two sub-bases: S1 is responsible for receptor binding and S2 is responsible for membrane fusion.SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter the target cell.therefore, the S protein determines the infection of the virus and its transmission in the host.because this protein is the main antigen that induces a protective immune response, all the vaccines being developed are targeted at it.clearly, it is essential to closely monitor the antigen changes of S proteins in the virus being transmitted.Given that it is a highly glycogenized protein, it is also of unquestionable importance to study the effects of site-specific polysaccharides on infection and immune escape. in a new study, researchers from the China Food and Drug Research Institute, Beijing Concord College of Medicine and Tsinghua University studied the biological significance of natural variants of amino acid changes in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, as well as mutants that have amino acid changes at the presumed N-linked glycogenized site. to achieve this, they constructed 106 S-protein mutants reported in the public domain or those with amino acid changes at the presumed N-linked glycosylation site, and used a high-volume pseudotyped virus system to analyze their infection and responsiveness to neutralizing antibodies.they report that some natural variants and glycogen mutants have evolved significant infectious and antigen changes.related findings were published online July 17, 2020 in the journal Cell, with the title "The Impact of the Case of The S. And s.the authors of the paper are Dr. Youchun Wang and Dr. Weijin Huang of the China Food and Drug Inspection Research Institute.'s choice of amino acid changes for this study, pictured from Cell, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.012.the authors analyzed the infection of more than 100 pseudoviruses and their sensitivity to the neutrality of the recovery period serum in patients with well-studied mAb or COVID-19.observed changes in amino acids throughout the S protein.they found that a unit point amino acid change (D614G) found in the s protein in areas other than RBD was more infectious, but there was no evidence that it was resistant to neutralizing antibodies. however, it is particularly noteworthy that the D614G is gaining strength. Although some of the strains analyzed in this study that showed amino acid changes in the RBD region lost their appeal and indicated that they may not be widespread, the emergence of natural variants of RBD with increased resistance to antibody-mediated neutrality should be closely watched. , the absence of glycosylation sites affects their responsiveness to neutralizing antibodies, as well as their infectiousness, reinforcing the concept that polysaccharides can substantially affect SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and vaccine-induced immune response. in general, these findings help to shed light on the effects of some evolving strains of viruses transmitted in human populations on increased infection and changes in antigens. !--/ewebeditor:!--.ewebeditor: !--.page title"--2.Cell: China has developed a new mRNA new coronal pneumonia vaccine that can maintain thermal stability in vitro for at least a week doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07 In a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Suzhou Aibo Biotech Co., Ltd., the China Food and Drug Research Institute, Tsinghua University, and the Institute of Life Osmelogy of the Institute of Military Medicine reported that an experimental SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on messenger RNA (mRNA) can cause protective immune responses in mice and non-human primates. two injections of this vaccine are strong enough to produce a strong immunity and completely prevent sars-CoV-2 infection in mice. related findings were published online July 23, 2020 in the journal Cell, under the title "A thermostable mRNA vaccine against COVID-19". the paper's correspondent sits with Dr. Cheng-Feng Qin of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Dr. You-Chun Wang of the China Food and Drug Inspection Research Institute and Dr. Bo Ying of Suzhou Aibo Biotech Co., Ltd. "The strong protective effects observed in this study and the clear immune correlation seisassociated with this protective effect pave the way for future development of the COVID-19 vaccine in humans," said Dr. Qin Chengfeng. "3.Cell: An important line of defense against the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is neutralizing antibodies, isolating powerful SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.044 against the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. these antibodies can eliminate intruders and have great potential to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. now, in a new study, researchers from the University of Cologne, the German Infection Research Center, the University of Marburg, the University of Wuerzburg, the University of Tubingen, the University of Frankfurt, the University of Munich and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel further illustrate how these antibodies form and isolate the powerful SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. they are currently working with Bollinger Ingham for further identification and development of these antibodies. expect sit into clinical development later this year. related findings were published online July 7, 2020 in the journal Cell, with the title "Longitudinal isolation of potent near-germline SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing anti-with-the-covid-19 patients". "Our goal is to better understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and to identify highly potent antibodies that can be used to prevent and treat COVID-19," explained Professor Florian Klein, 's communications author and director of the Institute of Virology at the University hospital in Cologne and lead researcher at the German Infection Research Center. "We think these antibodies work in a few weeks and may prevent COVID-19 during this time," added Dr. Christoph Kreer, co-author of the " paper. " co-author of the paper is Dr. Matthias Zehner of the University Hospital of Cologne. 4.Cell: Chinese scientists have developed a universal vaccine design strategy for beta coronaviruses, including the new coronavirus: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.035 Coronavirus (CoV) is a diverse set of encapsulation viruses that can be further subdivided into four genus: alpha-CoV beta-CoV, gamma-CoV, and Co-V. to date, seven types of CoV are known to cause human disease. , two alpha-CoV (hCoV-NL63 and hCoV-229E) and two beta-CoV (HCoV-OC43 and HKU1) cause only self-limiting cold diseases. , however, the remaining three beta-CoV (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) can be life-threatening. so far, there are no clinically effective drugs to prevent or treat highly pathogenic CoV infections in humans, highlighting the urgency of vaccine development. in CoV, the stingprotein (S) embedded in the envelope is responsible for identifying the host cell receptor in order to initiate the virus into the cell. Receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the S proteins are necessary for such receptor docking. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use the same functional host cell receptors --- human angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 (hACE2), while MERS-CoV uses human CD26 (also known as human dipeptidease 4, hDPP4). scientists have previously revealed the structural basis of these CoVs for identifying host cell receptors. in a new study , researchers from the Beijing Institute of Life Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medical Experimental Animals of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention described a generic beta-CoV immunogenogenic design that overcomes the immunogenicity limitations of the RBD-based vaccine. CoV RBD dipolymers have been observed before , but their immunogenicity has not been tested. they found that the RBD dipolymer form connected by disulfur bonds significantly enhanced the antibody response and neutralizing the antibody titer compared to the traditional RBD monomer form. in mouse models, it protects these animals from MERS-CoV infection and relieves lung damage. crystal structure shows that this RBD dipolymer completely exposes the double receptor binding base sequence (receptor binding motif, RBM), which is the main site for neutralizing antibody recognition. images from Cell, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.035. research was published online June 28, 2020 in the journal Cell, under the title "A unive."