Exploration and thinking of Chinese herbal medicine as feed additive

Introduction: with the development of modern feed industry, various feed additives such as various amino acids, trace mineral elements, vitamins and antibiotics, growth promoters, insect repellents, hormones, seasonings, improvers, preservatives are generally added to feed The application of these additives has undoubtedly greatly improved the production performance of livestock and poultry and promoted the rapid development of animal husbandry However, with the deepening of scientific research and problems in production, people have gradually realized the negative effects of these additives In livestock production, to improve the economic benefits of breeding, we should first prevent the occurrence of epidemic disease, and then improve the feed conversion rate and shorten the feeding cycle In order to prevent epidemics, in addition to the normal vaccine prevention, people also continuously add antibiotics to the feed The large use and even abuse of antibiotics will lead to the production of drug-resistant strains and drug residues in animal food, directly or indirectly causing harm to human health At the same time, the long-term use of antibiotics will also make the immune system of animals dependent, so that the immune ability of animals will decline, which will lead to the decline of anti stress ability In recent years, many developed countries have taken measures to prohibit the abuse of antibiotics in feed In order to improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, in addition to the improvement of varieties, a large number of synthetic drug-based feed additives for the purpose of promoting growth have been used in feed Now people have found that the residues of additives used in the past are to human body There are considerable hazards such as: clenbuterol hydrochloride, quinol, etc In addition, due to the application of growth promoters in feed and the comprehensive and balanced nutrition composition, the production performance of animals has been greatly improved, but at the same time, the balance relationship of various systems in animals has been broken, and the quality of livestock and poultry products produced has been reduced Chinese herbal medicine is the cultural treasure of our country The first natural medicine monograph in the world is Shennong herbal path, which records 365 kinds of natural medicines There are more than 13000 kinds of Chinese herbal materials in China In August 1990, the first National Symposium on Chinese herbal feed additives was held in Chengde In 1991, Chinese herbal feed additives were listed as one of the key scientific research projects in the eighth five year plan There are four traditional medicine centers in the world; China, India, Egypt and Greece; at present, the World Health Organization (who) has established 27 traditional medicine cooperation centers with traditional Chinese medicine as the core representative in the world, 15 of which are in Asia, while China has 7 The cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine in China is in the leading position in the world both in the number of varieties and in the scale of cultivation Chinese herbal medicine is a pure natural substance, which can promote the growth of animals, enhance their physique, promote metabolism, improve their production performance, resist stress and prevent and cure diseases Therefore, it has attracted the attention of animal husbandry workers in our country Many enterprises and researchers have done a lot of research and Application experiments in this field, and verified the various effects of Chinese herbal medicine as feed additives However, there are considerable differences in the application of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives produced by different enterprises in animal husbandry The reasons are as follows: 1 Different feeding conditions Different varieties, different growth stages, different seasons, different water and soil, different feeding methods, different nutrition levels using the same Chinese herbal feed additive will produce different effects 2 Differences in composition There are hundreds of Chinese herbal medicines that can be used as feed additives According to their own theory and test data, manufacturers choose more than ten or twenty different raw materials to make recipes The Chinese herbal feed additives produced by different ingredients, or different raw materials of the same ingredients, or different proportion of raw materials of the same ingredients are used in actual production and application There will also be big differences 3 Production process difference The effect of the feed additive made by simply crushing and mixing all kinds of Chinese herbal materials in the formula is not very ideal, because the first one has a large proportion, which affects the addition of other feed materials, and the second one is that all kinds of different Chinese herbal medicines have different properties and different processing methods, which will directly affect the full play of the efficacy As an additive, Chinese herbal medicine must be extracted and refined For example, some Chinese herbal medicines need to be boiled, some Chinese herbal medicines need to be baked, and so on Different equipment, different processing and extraction technology, the effect of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the application is also different According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the function mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is that the seemingly "comprehensive" feed of modern animal nutrition configuration and the use of various large dose, high concentration nutrients and antibacterial growth promoting agents force the metabolism of animal body cells to be hyperactive, which, over time, destroys the natural law of yin-yang balance and coordinated growth of the body Rapid growth leads to "dampness of water", dampness and stagnation of spleen, and deficiency of spleen leads to Qi and blood disorder, leading to dyspepsia; deficiency of spleen leads to dysfunction of lung and kidney functions, and finally leads to imbalance of various links in the body, especially neuroendocrine immune regulation; in addition, the spleen also plays an important role in preventing diseases and resisting invasion of external pathogens After scientific composition of natural Chinese herbal medicine, the feed additive is processed and extracted to feed animals Through the synergistic effect of various components of Chinese herbal medicine, it can achieve the effect of invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi, and regulate the balance of yin and Yang of each internal system of animal body, so as to improve the production performance and immune performance of the body (immunity is the recognition and removal of non self macromolecular substances by animal body, so as to maintain the body The physiological response of external balance There are some problems in Chinese herbal feed additives Chinese herbal feed additives have good application prospects But at present, although there are many reports about Chinese herbal feed additives, most of them are exploratory and experimental, which have not been widely used in actual production The reasons are as follows: 1 The compatibility and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine are still in the exploratory stage Chinese herbal medicine is not completely non-toxic and side effects Improper use may cause side effects In addition, due to the complexity of the functional components of compound Chinese herbal medicines, some of them have the possibility of antagonistic effect with other feed additives Therefore, the safety test shall be conducted before use to determine its use effect, so as to avoid adverse consequences 2 Many of the current Chinese herbal feed additive products are rough, most of which are simply processed Chinese herbal mixture, with large dosage, slow effect and low quality It is difficult to adapt to the needs of nutrition level feeding and large-scale and intensive development of animal husbandry 3 At present, the Ministry of agriculture has not formulated the feed product quality standard of Chinese herbal medicine, there is no fixed standard for Chinese herbal medicine formula, there is no basis for quality testing, and there is a certain dynamic nature in Chinese herbal medicine formula There is a mixture of fish and dragon in Chinese herbal feed additive products on the market Application prospect of Chinese herbal feed additive in feed industry With the transformation of animal husbandry from traditional extensive type to modern intensive production and management, and with the development of economy, people's living standards are increasing, and the requirements for the quality of animal food are also higher and higher With the advantages of disease prevention and health care, growth promotion, no drug resistance, non-toxic side effects, no residue, etc., Chinese herbal medicine has created a very high effect for the production of green food It is an inevitable trend to replace the original antibiotics and chemicals with additives China has rich resources of Chinese herbal medicine Up to now, more than 200 kinds of 5000 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine have been used as feed additives of Chinese herbal medicine However, there are few manufacturers specializing in the production of Chinese herbal feed additives, such as: Guangdong Zhongshan tengjun Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd 'Fu' brand series of Chinese herbal preparations; Beijing natural Chinese herbal feed additive development consulting center; Yunnan Kunming Jinxing Feed Co., Ltd to produce compound Chinese herbal feed (Jida); Guangdong Lechang Songzhen Nutrition Source Research Institute veterinary medicine factory to produce pine needle powder and Bokai Changling produced by Bokai International (Hong Kong) group Zhengzhou Bokai Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd If compared with the feed additive manufacturers using chemical synthesis, it is pitiful, so it needs to be vigorously developed The direction of developing Chinese herbal feed additives: 1 Theoretical basis: we need to further study the functional components of various Chinese herbal medicines, the interaction between the components, the mechanism of action in animals, the way of compatibility, processing technology and so on 2 Market and application requirements: in accordance with the formula principles of effective, cost-effective, characteristic, small dosage, wide drug source, good stability, non-toxic and efficient, easy to control, the development direction of preparation miniaturization, product seriation and quality standardization 3 Processing technology: Research on the production technology and process engineering of Chinese herbal feed additive; standardize the classic unit operation process of extraction, concentration, separation, drying, granulation, etc At the same time, research on new production technology; research on various dosage forms of Chinese herbal feed additives; research on new production equipment of Chinese herbal feed additives, realize production program control, detection automation, transportation pipeline, packaging mechanization, so that the production of feed additives can form a scale, meet the domestic market demand, and participate in international market competition                           4 Quality inspection: to establish the quality standard of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, use modern phytochemistry theory and instrument analysis method to extract, separate and identify the effective components of Chinese herbal medicine, and put forward clear theory and quality control method according to the analysis of effective components of Chinese herbal medicine, experimental animal reaction, toxicity and safety research At the same time, the government should establish scientific quality standards as soon as possible In a word, as long as we seize the opportunity, advance in the face of difficulties and carry out the rational development of Chinese herbal feed additives practically, we will be able to produce "green, safe, efficient, stable and controllable" Chinese herbal feed additives characterized by modernization and high technology, and become a new economic growth point full of vitality for the green feed industry.