[experts on document 1 4] Gao exuberant: Invigorating agriculture and people through science and education

Introduction: (Gao exuberant, Professor of School of Agronomy and biotechnology, China Agricultural University, director of office of the University) (Gao exuberant, Professor of School of Agronomy and biotechnology, China Agricultural University, director of office of the University) AHW clearly proposed in No 1 document of the Central Committee that agricultural research and technology promotion should be strengthened, and agricultural universities should be supported to participate in agricultural technology research and promotion This fully shows the importance of agricultural science and technology education to solve the three rural issues After more than 50 years of development, China's agricultural science and technology has made universally recognized achievements, and has basically established an agricultural science and technology, education and extension system with Chinese characteristics Agricultural science and technology has made a significant supporting role for China to support 22% of the world's population with 10% of the world's arable land However, in the new situation of building a socialist market economy, in the face of the major demand of China's economic and social development for the development of agricultural science and technology education and the increasingly fierce international competition trend, the overall development status of agricultural science and technology education in China is worrying If the country does not take strong and decisive measures, its development prospects are not optimistic AHW based on the comprehensive analysis of the relevant actual situation and the research on the development strategy of agricultural science and technology that I have been engaged in for many years, I believe that there are seven outstanding problems in the development of agricultural science and technology education in China at present: AHW First, the ability of agricultural science and technology innovation is quite weak, especially the lack of significant scientific and technological achievements reserve which has great driving significance for agriculture and rural economy Science and technology is weak and insufficient in the face of major issues of national economy and people's livelihood, such as SARS, food security, bird flu and so on Because our country has not formed enough long-term technical reserves, the fluctuation of our country's grain supply level of about 5-10% is enough to cause the panic of the whole society and the government AHW second, the international competitiveness of agricultural technology is quite low At present, there are only a few agricultural technologies with independent intellectual property rights in China, especially the core technology Quite a lot of excellent varieties of fruit trees, vegetables and other agricultural products come from abroad China's import and export trade of agricultural products is less than 5% of the world's total, which is not commensurate with the status of a large agricultural production country AHW third, the transformation ability of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is low and the efficiency is poor According to incomplete statistics, only in 1979-1998, more than 40000 achievements were made at or above the provincial level, of which 8275 were awarded by the state However, only 40% of these achievements are directly transformed and applied, and only about 20% of them really produce benefits AHW fourth, the structure of agricultural research team is unreasonable, the research conditions are poor, the vitality is insufficient, and the cultivation of human resources is inadequate At present, China boasts 100000 agricultural research forces, but only 2 / 3 of them actually participate in major or key scientific research projects at or above the provincial level The average national investment is less than 20000 yuan per person per year, and there are many practical problems such as outdated professional structure, scattered manpower, lack of top international talents, poor living and working conditions AHW five is that the agricultural extension system exists in name but not in reality At present, there are more than one million so-called agricultural technology extension personnel in China, but according to a new study by the Ministry of agriculture, the real professional and technical personnel in 28 counties surveyed are less than 4%, of which 32% are engaged in income generating and administrative work The funds for technology promotion are less than 10% of the funds, and 70% of the counties have not been supplemented by college students for many years Ahw6 is that the development scale of agricultural education in China is small, the management system is not smooth, and the demand of agricultural education, especially higher education and agricultural production economy for talents is out of line, and the demand of farmers for professional and technical personnel is out of line According to the data, more than 70% of the millions of agricultural college students trained in China since the reform and opening up have turned into non-agricultural industries At present, the proportion of graduates from some high-level agricultural universities to the rural front line is less than 20%, or even lower Ahw7 is that the state of agricultural science and technology education has long been short of investment and has been in debt Agriculture is a very public welfare industry Even in the developed United States, the total investment in agricultural science and technology education is still more than 60% of the national government investment, and the investment in agricultural science and technology education accounts for about 2% of the total agricultural output value Although China's investment in agricultural science and technology education has increased, the total amount is very limited The state's investment in agricultural science and technology education has been at a very low level for a long time, which is less than 0% of the total agricultural output value 5% Moreover, the efficiency of investment in agricultural science and technology education is not satisfactory because of the institutional factors such as multi sector management of agricultural science and technology education, multiple government departments, block division, resource dispersion and so on AHW's conclusion is enough to show that the current situation of agricultural science and technology education in China is at the crossroads of sustainable development The fundamental way out for China's agricultural and rural economic development in the future lies in the modernization of agricultural science and technology education, which has been confirmed by the international agricultural development Without the modernization of agricultural science and technology education, there will be no national agricultural modernization, let alone rural modernization The sustainable development of agriculture depends on science and technology, the development of science and technology depends on innovation, innovation depends on talents, talents depend on education, and education depends on the country This is why the United States, the Netherlands and other agricultural developed countries attach great importance to the integrated operation and management of agricultural research, education and promotion of circular economy For this reason, it is suggested from the national macro strategy that: AHW first, the basic national policy of "developing agriculture through science and education" should be unswervingly established, the policy of focusing on national investment in agricultural science and technology education should be unswervingly adhered to, and the national agricultural science and technology education team should be the main part in agricultural science and technology innovation Establish national agricultural science and technology innovation system and agricultural technology extension system AHW Second, we should establish the basic national policy of "strengthening agriculture with talents", put the cultivation of agricultural multi-level talents into the top priority of the national education innovation system, practically increase the policy inclination and investment in agricultural education, and at the same time, we should adopt the scientific development concept of overall coordination to promote the coordinated development of agricultural higher education, vocational and technical education and rural education We should give full play to the unique advantages of agricultural higher education and establish a new mechanism of farmer education with the participation of the whole society AHW third, we should reform the management system of agricultural science and technology education, straighten out the relationship, break the traditional pattern of agricultural science and technology, education and promotion, and actively explore a new system of coordinated development of agricultural science and technology education, which is closely combined with agricultural education, scientific research and technology promotion and complements each other in advantages AHW