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Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera
Steinernema and Hetero rhabditis
(Nematoda: Rhabditida) have emerged as excellent insect biological control agents. This discipline of insect pathology has made enormous strides since Glaser’s discovery more than 60 yr ago of nematodes infesting white grubs (
1
,
2
). Recent advances in mass-production and formulation technology, and the discovery of numerous isolates/strains, together with the desirability of reducing pesticide usage, has resulted in a surge of scientific and commercial interest in these insect-killing nematodes (
3
) This has culminated in the commercial availability of many nematode products for use in several mediumand high-value markets (
4
). This chapter will briefly review nematode biology, mass production, formulation, quality, application strategy, and field efficacy.