End of 2020: Interpretation of important research results in the field of cardiovascular disease research!

time is in a hurry, in the blink of an eye 2020 is nearing the end of the year, to welcome us will be a brand-new 2021, in the coming 2020, scientists in the field of cardiovascular disease research still made many important research breakthroughs, in this paper, the small editor of this year's scientists in this field of heavy research results to organize and share with you! Photo credit: CC0 Public Domain 1 Heart: "Green" Mediterranean diet patterns rich in high levels of plant ingredients and low levels of red meat or poultry or good for cardiovascular and metabolic health doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-31780 In a recent study published in the international journal Heart, scientists from Gurion University and others found that a green Mediterranean diet with more plant and less red meat or poultry may be better for cardiovascular and metabolic health in the population, at least in the male population, than traditional Mediterranean diet patterns.
Mediterranean diet, which is rich in plant-based organisms, is directly associated with a lower risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes, and is now the main dietary guideline for the prevention of coronary heart disease.
researchers say the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet may be related to its high levels of polyphenols, healthy fat and fiber intake, and low levels of animal protein intake; researchers want to study whether the green version of the diet is more beneficial to the body's health, i.e. more sources of green plant food and lower levels of red meat. In the
article, they randomly divided 294 sedentent and moderately obese people (BMI 31) with an average age of 51 into three eating groups, with the first group receiving guidance on enhancing physical activity and achieving a healthy diet, and the second group receiving the same physical activity guidance and being advised to follow calorie limits The traditional Mediterranean diet, which is 1,500-1800 kca per day for men and 1,200-1400 kca per day for women, contains simple carbohydrates, vegetables, poultry and fish instead of red meat, as well as 28g of walnuts per day.
A third group of participants were guided by physical activity and were also advised to follow a calorie-restricted green Mediterranean diet that also included 28g of walnuts a day, while participants avoided red or processed meats and consumed more plant-based substances In addition, it included 3-4 cups of green tea per day and 100 grams of frozen aquatic plant Wolffia globosa, rich in high protein, while the participants replaced some animal proteins with green plant protein shakes.
read the Lancet sub-magazine! Ω-3 and Ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and metabolism on the effects and clinical significance of cardiovascular metabolic disease in the population doi:10.1016/S2213-8587 (2 0)30148-0 Fatty acids present in different lipid molecules are the main components of daily dietary fat in the population, and the physical properties, nutritional and health effects of dietary fatty acids depend heavily on the type and proportion of the various components of fatty acids, the most important fatty acids are either saturated fat Acids, or fatty acids containing carbon double bonds, such as monounsaturated fatty acids with one double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with two or more double bonds, although they are rich in saturated fatty acids (e.g. fat, dairy, coconut oil, etc.) And monounsaturated fatty acids (some vegetable oils and meats, etc.) are foods that help promote the body's intake of these fatty acids, compared with PUFA flaxic acid and α-flax acid, which are still essential fatty acids, mainly derived from vegetable oils, nuts and seeds.
recently, a study published in the international journal The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology entitled "Intake and metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: the health of the students for cardiometabolic diseases", from Germany Scientists at institutions such as the Diabetes Research Center analyzed non-genetic determinants that affect desaturation enzymes, which may potentially alter the availability of body tissue to PUFAs, and discussed the consequences of changing desaturation enzyme activity in the context of the body's intake of PUFAs, which shed light on gene-diet interactions and their clinical and public health effects.
There is research evidence that intake of Ω-3 PUFAs and Ω-6 PUFAs is directly associated with cardiometabolic disease, and the researchers say that supplementing long-chain Ω-3 PUFAs reduces the risk of death from myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and a linear correlation between patients' risk of death and intake doses.
According to a new Meta analysis, supplementing long-chain Ω-3 PUFAs reduces the risk of death from coronary heart disease and coronary heart disease by about 10 percent, with no significant effect on the overall risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events and stroke.
Current trials have assessed the effects of using cholesterol-lowering PUFAs to replace saturated fatty acids in dairy products and meats on people's risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death, and a 2018 review found that replacing saturated fatty acids with Ω-6 PUFAs may help reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in the population, although it has no significant benefit in improving the overall risk of atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in the population.
: Scientists hope to use artificial intelligence to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population: 10.1038/s41551-020-00626-4 In a study published in e Biomedical Engineering, scientists from institutions such as singapore's National Eye Center developed a new way to use artificial intelligence to predict an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease, describing how retinal vascular scanning could be used as a data source for deep learning systems to teach the system how to recognize signs of cardiovascular disease in the population.
for more than 100 years, clinicians have been looking at patients' eyes for changes in their retinal blood vessels that reflect the effects of high blood pressure on individuals over time, which may be a sign of impending cardiovascular disease over time Medical scientists have developed special instruments to help ophthalmology doctors better observe the most vulnerable parts of the eye that are most vulnerable to high blood pressure injuries and make it a key part of diagnosing people with high blood pressure, but such tools still require medical professionals to make a final decision on the diagnosis of patients, and in this latest study, researchers have been able to teach artificial intelligence systems to recognize the same types of symptoms that occur in the body of a population without human intervention.
: Following a variety of healthy dietary patterns may be effective in reducing the body's risk of cardiovascular disease Doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2176, a study published in the international journal JAMA Internal Medicine, from Harvard University Scientists at the Hee School of Public Health and others have found that sticking to a healthy diet may help effectively reduce the body's risk of cardiovascular disease, and this study supports the 2015-2020 U.S. Dietary Guidelines, which highlight healthy eating styles for the population rather than a single diet and nutrients, thus better explaining diverse cultures and individual dietary traditions and preferences.
researcher Zhilei Shan said that while each healthy eating pattern represents a different mix of dietary components, our results suggest that stricter adherence to the four healthy eating patterns we observed may be effective in reducing the body's risk of cardiovascular disease, and that the health benefits for different ethnic and racial groups are long-lasting.
few studies have analyzed how adherence to recommended healthy eating patterns affects the risk of cardiovascular disease in the long term, and in this study, researchers focused on dietary scores for four healthy eating patterns, including the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and the Mediterranean Dietary Alternative Score (HEI-2015). AMED), Healthy Plant Diet Index (HPDI), and Alternative Dietary Health Index (AHEI);
Cell: Shocked! Finding gut microbial metabolites increases the risk of cardiovascular disease! Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.016 In a study published in the international journal Cell, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic identified a by-product of gut microbes -- phenylathyl glutamine (PAG) -- as a by-product of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease, stroke and death.
is an amino acid found in many foods, including plant- and animal-based protein sources such as meat, legumes and soy. The team, led by Stanley Hazen, director of the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences at the
Lerner Institute and co-director of the Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation Department at the Miller Family Cardiovascular Chest Institute, found that when phenylalanine is broken down by microbes in the gut, the by-product (metabolite) PAG it produces eventually appears in the blood, leading to heart disease.
researchers say that over the past decade, there has been a growing body of data showing that gut microbes play an important role in health, especially when it is associated with heart disease, and we have found that PAG in the blood increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in several different ways.
analysis of more than three years of samples from more than 5,000 patients, the researchers found that elevated PAG levels could predict which patients would experience adverse heart events such as heart attacks and strokes in the future, as well as people with type 2 diabetes, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
animal models and microbial transplantation studies have shown that PAGs produced by gut microbes play an important role in driving cardiovascular disease.
photo Source: The Conversation: 13-year follow-up study of more than 400,000 people Fish oil supplements may be directly related to all-cause mortality and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease deaths! Doi:1136/bmj.m456 In a study published in the international journal BMJ, scientists from Southern Medical University and others found that regular intake of supplements may reduce the risk of death and cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes;
fish oil is the most popular dietary supplement in the UK and other developed countries, and there is research evidence that Ω-3 fatty acids in fish oil can help prevent cardiovascular disease and reduce mortality, but researchers still lack clear evidence; The study included 427,678 men and women between the ages of 40 and 69 who did not have cardiovascular disease or cancer between 2006 and 2010, and the researchers completed a questionnaire on dietary supplement intake, including fish oil.
: Revealing the molecular mechanisms that affect heart function and heart failure in the shape of myocardial fibers doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2635-2635 In a recent study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from cold spring harbor laboratories and other institutions analyzed the function of complex mesh structures of muscle fibers located on the inner surface of the heart, revealing the molecular mechanisms by which the shape of the heart muscle affects heart function and heart failure.
For humans, the heart is the first functional organ to develop, starting spontaneously just four weeks after conception, and in the early stages of development, the heart grows a complex and fine network of muscle fibers, the myocardial beam structure ial trabeculae), which forms geometric patterns of the inner surface of the heart, and the small beams of the heart muscle are thought to help the heart supply oxygen, but the structure's role in the adult body has been a mystery since the 16th century.
this study sheds light on the importance of the structure of the heart muscle girder and, perhaps more importantly, the value of a truly multidisciplinary research team that, by combining genetics, clinical research, and bioengineering, researchers may be able to explain the key role that myocardial girder plays in adult heart function.
To understand the role and development of myocardial beams, the researchers used artificial intelligence to analyze 25,000 heart MRI images and associated heart morphological and genetic data, revealing how the heart muscle girder works and develops, and how changes in its shape can shape an individual's heart disease.
: The Lancet: Drug combinations or promising to help prevent heart failure doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (20) 30748-0, published in The Lanc