eLife interpretation! Oxidants may help slow down the aging process in cells!

18, 2020 // -- A recent publication in the international magazine eLife entitled "Peroxiredo promotexins long In a study by evity and H2O2-resistance in yeast through redox-modulation of protein kinase A, scientists from institutions such as Chalmers Polytechnic University found that oxidants may be effective in slowing the aging process in the body's cells.
At high concentrations, reactive oxygen, known as oxidants, is harmful to cells in all living organisms, but in this study, the researchers found that low levels of oxidant hydrogen peroxide may stimulate a particular enzyme to help slow the aging of yeast cells.
photo source: Martina Butorac/Chalmers University of Technology One of the benefits of antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E is that they effectively mediat reactive oxygen free agents (so-called oxidants) in the body, otherwise they will be associated with Other important molecules in the body react and disrupt their biological functions, such as large amounts of oxidants that can cause serious damage to DNA, cell membranes, and proteins, so the body's cells have developed powerful defensive mechanisms to get rid of these oxidants that are produced during the body's normal metabolism.
Previously thought that oxidants were only harmful, scientists have only recently begun to understand their positive function, and researchers have found that hydrogen peroxide, a well-known antioxidant, actually slows the aging process of yeast cells, a chemical used for uses such as hair and tooth whitening, and is one of the oxidants produced by the body's metabolism, which is harmful at higher concentrations. In the
article, the researchers delved into an enzyme called Tsa1, part of a group of antioxidants called peroxiredoxins, which researcher Mikael Molin said had previously shown to be involved in yeast cells' resistance to harmful oxidants, but could also help extend cell life when antioxidant proteins are used for calorie restriction, but the researchers did not know the molecular mechanism behind it.
Now researchers know that reducing calorie intake can significantly extend the lifespan of many organisms, from yeast to monkeys, stimulating antioxidant protein activity or slowing the aging of organ cells such as yeast, fruit flies, and worms when less calories are obtained from food than normal.
Now researchers have discovered new features of Tas1, which researchers previously thought could simply mediate reactive oxygen free agents, but now they have found that Tas1 actually needs a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide to induce it, which can be involved in slowing the aging of yeast cells.
Conceivable to the researchers, Tsa1 does not affect the level of hydrogen peroxide in aging yeast cells, but instead, when the cell gets less heat, Tsa1 can use a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to reduce the activity of the central signaling path, which eventually causes cell division and the process associated with the formation of the cell's basic components to slow down, and the cell's resistance to stress is stimulated, which promotes slower cell aging.
researcher Mikael Molin says the signaling path pathlines affected by calorie intake may play a key role in the body's aging process by sensing multiple cellular processes and controlling them, and by studying this process, the researchers hope to shed light on the molecular mechanisms behind common diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes.
Photo Source: Mikael Molin/Chalmers University of Technology In fact, researchers are now taking another step forward in understanding how oxidants really slow down the molecular mechanisms behind the body's aging process, which may help them with new research, such as finding drugs that stimulate antioxidant proteins or detecting whether other drugs that boost the body's oxidants can slow age-related diseases.
study, researchers revealed the molecular mechanism by which antioxidant protease Tsa1 directly controls the central signaling path, which can help slow the body's aging by oxidizing amino acids in another enzyme called protein kinase A, which is important for the body's metabolic regulation. This oxidation reduces the activity of protein kinase A by destabilizing part of the enzyme that binds to other molecules, so the nutritional signals mediated by protein kinase A are reduced, thereby reducing cell division and stimulating the body's defensive response to stress.
Other studies have also shown that low levels of reactive oxygen free agents are also directly related to a variety of active health effects, which are formed in mitochondrials, and that researchers were able to observe mitochondrial low toxic excitation effects in a variety of organisms, from yeast to mice (mitohor) In mice, tumor growth can be slowed by the mitochondrial's low toxic excitation effect, while in online worms, researchers were able to link antioxidant proteins to mitochondrial hysteria with the type 2 diabetes drug metformin's ability to slow cell aging.
dy metformin is important for scientists to look for drugs that reduce the risk of disease in older adults severely affected by COVID-19, and scientists from China and the United States have now made some very promising findings, one theory being that metformin may be able to counteract the deterioration of the body's immune system as a result of aging.
() Original source: 1. Friederike Roger, Cecilia Picazo, Wolfgang Reiter, et al. Peroxiredoxin promotes longevity and H2O2-resistance in yeast redox-modulation of protein kinase A, eLife (2020). doi: 10.7554/ eLife.60346.2 Cassandra Willyard. How anti-ageing drugs can boost COVID vaccines in older people, Nature 586, 352-354 (2020) doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02856-02856-7 (3) Cell can slowed by oxidantsby Chalmers University from Technology<!--/ewebeditor:page->