Effects of four characteristic plant drugs on cardiovascular system in Xinjiang

Xinjiang is a vast region with complex and diverse geographical environment and ecological conditions, which breeds rich and unique medicinal plant resources Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been recognized as the "number one killer" of human health by the World Health Organization It is of great practical significance to search for special medicinal materials that can effectively treat cardiovascular diseases from the medicinal plant resources in Xinjiang, and to develop, develop and utilize them In this paper, we reviewed the effects of four Xinjiang plant drugs on cardiovascular system 1 It is the dry tubular flower of Carthamus tinctorius L in Compositae It has the function of promoting blood circulation and meridian circulation, dispersing stasis and relieving pain It contains flavonoids, safflower polysaccharides, organic acids, hydroxysafflower yellow A, safflower yellow, Safflower Red Pigment and riboflavin A variety of yellow brown powder safflower yellow pigment extracted from safflower has obvious antihypertensive effect on anesthetized dogs and rabbits The mechanism of action is to dilate the peripheral and coronary vessels directly, so as to increase the flow and decrease the blood pressure In clinic, safflor yellow injection has been used to treat hypertension and coronary heart disease, and achieved good effect Xinjiang snowdrop is the whole grass of Saussurea involucrata kar.etkir, a Compositae plant in Xinjiang It has the functions of promoting blood circulation, dispersing cold and dehumidification, strengthening muscle and strengthening yang It contains flavonoids, alkaloids, lactones, sterols, polysaccharides and volatile oil Among them, the total flavone of Saussurea involucrata can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized rabbits and dogs, and its antihypertensive effect can be partially blocked by propranolol Xuelian Tongmai pill has good effect in treating coronary heart disease and hypertension Glycyrrhiza glabra is the dry root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., a Leguminosae plant It has the functions of detoxification, expectoration, analgesia and spasmolysis It contains triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides Among them, glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid component, can reduce serum cholesterol (TC) and prevent the development of atherosclerosis in experimental atherosclerotic rats, while glycyrrhizin, a flavonoid, can reduce blood lipid Glycyrrhizin tablet can be used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia After taking it, the contents of TC, TG and LDL-C decreased significantly Rhodiola rosea L is the whole grass of Rhodiola rosea L., which has the effect of promoting blood circulation, hemostasis, clearing lung and relieving cough It contains salidroside, gymnotyrosol, flavonoids, organic acids, polysaccharides, coumarins, volatile oil and other components Rhodiola has the effect of preventing and treating hyperlipidemia Nordikang capsule, which is mainly made of Rhodiola, can significantly improve the symptoms of hyperlipidemia Safflower seed oil is a kind of highly unsaturated fatty acid oil with linoleic acid content of more than 80% It can reduce blood lipid and cholesterol and play a role in medical care Linoleic acid is mainly used to accelerate the conversion and excretion of cholesterol in the blood and has a good effect on lowering cholesterol The incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases is very low among the people who often eat safflower oil Safflower seed oil is widely used in European and American developed countries as edible oil 3 Antioxidant free radical oxidative damage can promote the development of coronary heart disease Safflower can effectively resist the oxidative damage of free radicals, significantly reduce the level of serum malondialdehyde, and significantly increase the activity of superoxide dismutase In clinic, Honghua injection has been used to treat coronary heart disease, and good effect has been achieved In recent years, it has been found that Rhodiola extract has scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals, indicating that it has antioxidant effect Canada has developed a health product, Rhodiola capsules, is recognized in Europe and the United States anti-aging nutritional supplements Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra can obviously inhibit the free radicals produced in the process of metabolism in vivo, protect the oxidation sensitive biological macromolecules (LDL? C, deoxyribonucleic acid) and cell walls from free radical oxidation damage, and prevent some pathological changes related to the oxidation of free radicals, such as atherosclerosis At present, glycyrrhizin is used as whitening agent If we develop its function of reducing blood lipid and antioxidation, it will have a good prospect The effect of Safflower on vascular endothelium can reduce the release of endothelin and thromboxane, increase the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, and play a role in dilating blood vessels, improving microcirculation, anti platelet aggregation and relieving the damage of inflammatory mediators on vascular endothelium Safflower injection can effectively prevent atherosclerosis and protect the target organs of patients with hypertension When the concentration of hydroxysafflor yellow A is 5.35-0.16mg/l, it can inhibit the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and with the decrease of the concentration, its inhibition ability is stronger Rhodiola can inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in the heart and lung tissues of rats, protect the integrity of vascular intima, make the blood flow unblocked, so as to reduce the resistance of pulmonary circulation, improve the oxygen content, and play a role in protecting the heart and lung tissues Hongjingtian capsule has a good curative effect in the prevention and treatment of chronic high altitude heart disease 5 Safflower has calcium antagonistic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells It can block the calcium influx of longitudinal calcium channel and voltage dependent calcium channel on vascular smooth muscle cell membrane, which may be one of the mechanisms of Safflower in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases In addition, safflower yellow can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells Salidroside can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in hypoxia and the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells in hypertonic state, and can be used to prevent and treat altitude maladaptation Salidroside injection was used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the effect was significant The effect of 6 on myocardium bcl-2 gene expression plays an important role in the process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in maintaining the arrangement of cardiomyocytes and coordinating myocardial contractility, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) affects the degradation of ECM and promotes myocardial fibrosis Safflower extract can effectively inhibit the expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and protect the myocardium Some animal experiments show that safflor yellow can increase the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, reduce lipid peroxidation, reduce the production of malondialdehyde, improve the cardiac function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and improve the myocardial antioxidant capacity Safflower has few adverse reactions and wide pharmacological effects, and it is rich in resources and cheap in China, which is worth developing and applying Salidroside also has protective effect on myocardial cell injury, which may be related to its inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of sodium pump activity Salidroside can also reduce the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes, reduce the content of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase, and inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes At present, the research on the chemical composition, pharmacological action and clinical application of Rhodiola is in-depth in China Rhodiola is widely used, with significant curative effect, small side effects, low price and large demand, and has a good development prospect Effects of 7 on heart rhythm glycyrrhetinic acid, a triterpenoid component of Glycyrrhiza, can resist the ventricular fibrillation induced by chloroform in mice, the ventricular arrhythmia caused by chloroform adrenaline in rabbits and the ventricular arrhythmia caused by calcium chloride in rats, and can also partially resist the heart rate acceleration of isoprenaline Its antiarrhythmic effect may be related to the inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiac β - receptor function Clinically, licorice and Alisma decoction can effectively treat ventricular premature beats Many valuable achievements have been made in the study of the pharmacological activities of the triterpenoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis at home and abroad This is a kind of effective ingredient which is worthy of further study It is believed that in the future, liquorice triterpenoids will become a kind of natural medicine with high efficiency and low toxicity The total alkaloid of Saussurea involucrata can inhibit the heart of rabbits and slow down their heart rate Xuelian Tongmai pill can effectively control arrhythmia In recent years, the research of Saussurea involucrata has made gratifying achievements, but it still has a good development prospect To explore the corresponding relationship between chemical components and pharmacological action of Saussurea involucrata will become the focus of research To sum up, Xinjiang characteristic botanical drugs have a wide range of pharmacological effects in the cardiovascular system The development and research of them will open up a new field and open up natural new plant resources for the research and development of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [reference] [1] Guo Xiaofeng Research progress of Chinese traditional medicine safflower [J] Chinese folk medicine, 2008, 2:74 [2] Zhao Li, Wang Xiaoling Chemical composition, pharmacological action and clinical application of Xinjiang Xuelian [J] Journal of Southwest University of Nationalities (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION), 2003, 29 (4): 426
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