Ecological cost that cannot be ignored

Introduction: Zhang Zhanrong, a farmer in jinfoping village of Wuqi County who has been poor in growing food all his life, has now found the way to make money: planting grass and trees He planted alfalfa, amaranth and other high-quality Forages on the 30 mu slope of his home, and fruit trees in front of and behind his house By selling fruits and raising sheep in the courtyard, the family's annual income reached 20000 yuan at the highest level In the vast western region, hundreds of millions of farmers, like Zhang Zhanrong, plant locust, seabuckthorn, water Tung and other grasses and trees from the slopes near the village to the distant barren mountains From the cultivation of grain to the conversion of farmland to forest and grass, western farmers are realizing the historical transformation of agricultural production mode In the near future, when a large area of sloping farmland with serious soil erosion in the west is covered by forests and grasslands, how can we ensure that a new round of deforestation will not occur again? In order to solve this problem thoroughly, it is necessary to make reasonable compensation for the ecological cost of the western farmers' agricultural production Bm9 is also engaged in agricultural production For western farmers, there is no essential difference between planting grain and planting trees and grass Who can meet the needs of survival, who can bring the greatest economic benefits, who is the best choice Between planting grain and planting trees and grass, the farmers in the West did not consciously choose the responsibility and obligation to maximize the ecological benefits Bm9 experts believe that due to the special natural conditions and geographical location, in agricultural production, western farmers bear the same production costs as Eastern farmers, but also bear the corresponding ecological costs In the process of guiding agricultural production, the duality of economic and social benefits of agricultural production in Western China should be considered Because this problem has been ignored for a long time, the farmers in the West have to pay without return, and can not recover their own ecological cost investment in agricultural production, so ecological efficiency can not be their first choice Therefore, they have to repeat the backward production of wide planting and thin harvest year after year, and rely on the plunder of nature to maintain their own survival The direct consequence of this backward agricultural mode is soil erosion, ecological deterioration and frequent disasters According to bm9 data, in the early 50 years of last century, the area of soil erosion in the Yangtze River Basin was 360000 square kilometers, increased to 560000 square kilometers in the 1980s, with an increase rate of 55.6%, and the annual amount of soil erosion reached 2.24 billion tons Among the 640000 square kilometers of the Loess Plateau, 430000 square kilometers are subject to different degrees of soil erosion, with 1.6 billion tons of sediment transported to the Yellow River every year, bringing serious ecological disasters to the lower reaches In 1998 alone, the Yangtze River flood brought direct economic losses of more than 200 billion yuan At present, the desertification in the western region is expanding at the rate of 460 square kilometers every year, and more than 300 million people in 12 provinces and regions in the western region are threatened by desertification In order to achieve the fundamental improvement of the western ecological environment and the sustainable development of the society and the national economy, the ecological cost of the western farmers' agricultural production must be compensated accordingly, so that they can become the conscious ecological protector from the blind ecological destroyer and the inevitable choice of the western farmers to maximize the ecological benefits The agricultural production of farmers in the northwest of bm9 should not only ensure their own economic benefits, but also take into account the flood control safety and social benefits of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Therefore, there are essential differences between planting grain and planting trees and grass The state must reflect the duality of agricultural production of western farmers in macro policies For the part of farmers who benefit, the production input and cost shall be borne by the farmers themselves; however, for the ecological cost of social benefits generated by the input of farmers, the State shall consider giving appropriate economic compensation through transfer payment, tax preference, etc At the same time, the state should also start from the actual situation, support the dominant agricultural industries in the western region, so as to form a stable source of income for farmers, and finally realize the harmonious development of human and nature Bm9