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▎WuXi AppTec Content Team Editor Recently, a study by the Ludwig Cancer Research Center in the United States provided new insights into the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
In addition to conventional chemotherapy, a specific diet may be adjuvant therapy to a certain extent and improve the effect of chemotherapy
.
In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, the researchers switched their daily diet to a ketogenic diet, allowing the mice to live longer than controls
.
Although there has been some progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the past two decades, new combination chemotherapy methods can make the median survival time of pancreatic cancer patients reach 16 months, "but the effect of chemotherapy can not be longer, very few extended survival by more than three years," said Joshua Rabinowitz, a professor at Princeton University who also participated in the study published in Med
.
Dietary control has always been the focus of scientists in enhancing the efficacy of tumor therapy.
For example, a diet deficient in serine or methionine can help treat colorectal cancer, while fasting or fasting-mimicking can enhance the efficacy of endocrine therapy for breast cancer
.
As the ketogenic diet that best mimics fasting, Rabinowitz and colleagues believe that it can also improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer
.
The biggest benefit of the ketogenic diet is that it reduces blood glucose and insulin levels, both of which have been shown to be promoters of pancreatic cancer growth, and glucose is a key energy source for cancer cell proliferation
.
Due to the high consumption, tumor growth is actually very susceptible to external glucose deprivation
.
In mouse experiments, they gave mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) either a high-carb diet or a ketogenic diet
.
Although the ketogenic diet alone did not change the rate of tumor growth, the results changed when the researchers added chemotherapy drugs
.
▲Eating the ketogenic diet alone is not useful, it must be used in combination with chemotherapy (Image source: Reference [2]) The average survival time of mice that only received chemotherapy was extended by 5.
8 days, and after the combination of the ketogenic diet, little The mice lived an average of 16 days longer, doubling the effect of chemotherapy
.
From the analysis of the samples, the combined method can increase the level of tumor necrosis and reduce the proliferation-related markers, which means that the tumor growth rate is also reduced
.
The researchers noted that the glucose needed for cancer growth became more difficult to obtain after a ketogenic diet, and levels of the cancer-promoting hormone insulin decreased
.
In addition, when the body's free glucose is reduced, the body is forced to start breaking down fat to produce molecules called ketone bodies, which are used by cells as new energy source molecules
.
Image credit: 123RF3-Hydroxybutyrate is the predominant type of molecule in the ketone body, which transfers electrons into the interior of the cell in a process you can imagine "charging"
.
In the absence of glucose, tumors like to absorb these ketone body molecules, but too much 3-hydroxybutyrate can have serious negative effects
.
When there are too many electrons, a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) will be generated in the cell.
ROS will not only damage the DNA of tumor cells, but also cause damage to the cell membrane and other cellular components
.
Chemotherapy itself also makes tumor cells produce ROS, so tumors die faster under double ROS attack
.
In order to explore whether this diet can be translated into a clinically usable method, the research team has initiated a clinical trial mainly to test the effect and difference of standard diet and ketogenic diet combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer, and is currently continuing Recruit more patients
.
Reference: [1] Preclinical study shows ketogenic diet could enhance pancreatic cancer therapy.
Retrieved Feb 14th, 2022 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2022-02-preclinical-ketogenic-diet-pancreatic-cancer.
html[2 ] Lifeng Yang et al, Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth, Med (2022).
DOI: 10.
1016/j.
medj.
2021.
12.
008
In addition to conventional chemotherapy, a specific diet may be adjuvant therapy to a certain extent and improve the effect of chemotherapy
.
In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, the researchers switched their daily diet to a ketogenic diet, allowing the mice to live longer than controls
.
Although there has been some progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the past two decades, new combination chemotherapy methods can make the median survival time of pancreatic cancer patients reach 16 months, "but the effect of chemotherapy can not be longer, very few extended survival by more than three years," said Joshua Rabinowitz, a professor at Princeton University who also participated in the study published in Med
.
Dietary control has always been the focus of scientists in enhancing the efficacy of tumor therapy.
For example, a diet deficient in serine or methionine can help treat colorectal cancer, while fasting or fasting-mimicking can enhance the efficacy of endocrine therapy for breast cancer
.
As the ketogenic diet that best mimics fasting, Rabinowitz and colleagues believe that it can also improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer
.
The biggest benefit of the ketogenic diet is that it reduces blood glucose and insulin levels, both of which have been shown to be promoters of pancreatic cancer growth, and glucose is a key energy source for cancer cell proliferation
.
Due to the high consumption, tumor growth is actually very susceptible to external glucose deprivation
.
In mouse experiments, they gave mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) either a high-carb diet or a ketogenic diet
.
Although the ketogenic diet alone did not change the rate of tumor growth, the results changed when the researchers added chemotherapy drugs
.
▲Eating the ketogenic diet alone is not useful, it must be used in combination with chemotherapy (Image source: Reference [2]) The average survival time of mice that only received chemotherapy was extended by 5.
8 days, and after the combination of the ketogenic diet, little The mice lived an average of 16 days longer, doubling the effect of chemotherapy
.
From the analysis of the samples, the combined method can increase the level of tumor necrosis and reduce the proliferation-related markers, which means that the tumor growth rate is also reduced
.
The researchers noted that the glucose needed for cancer growth became more difficult to obtain after a ketogenic diet, and levels of the cancer-promoting hormone insulin decreased
.
In addition, when the body's free glucose is reduced, the body is forced to start breaking down fat to produce molecules called ketone bodies, which are used by cells as new energy source molecules
.
Image credit: 123RF3-Hydroxybutyrate is the predominant type of molecule in the ketone body, which transfers electrons into the interior of the cell in a process you can imagine "charging"
.
In the absence of glucose, tumors like to absorb these ketone body molecules, but too much 3-hydroxybutyrate can have serious negative effects
.
When there are too many electrons, a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) will be generated in the cell.
ROS will not only damage the DNA of tumor cells, but also cause damage to the cell membrane and other cellular components
.
Chemotherapy itself also makes tumor cells produce ROS, so tumors die faster under double ROS attack
.
In order to explore whether this diet can be translated into a clinically usable method, the research team has initiated a clinical trial mainly to test the effect and difference of standard diet and ketogenic diet combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer, and is currently continuing Recruit more patients
.
Reference: [1] Preclinical study shows ketogenic diet could enhance pancreatic cancer therapy.
Retrieved Feb 14th, 2022 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2022-02-preclinical-ketogenic-diet-pancreatic-cancer.
html[2 ] Lifeng Yang et al, Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth, Med (2022).
DOI: 10.
1016/j.
medj.
2021.
12.
008
