Domestic wheat production: freezing injury may affect the yield of high quality wheat in Henan Province

Introduction: in the early stage, there were different degrees of freeze injury in the main winter wheat producing areas in China, among which some areas in Henan province suffered from severe freeze injury For this reason, the freezing damage of wheat, especially high-quality wheat, in Henan Province was investigated The specific situation is as follows: the planting area of high-quality wheat in Henan Province is mainly concentrated in the north of central Henan, and the area with more serious freezing damage is mainly concentrated in the south of central Henan As a whole, the areas with severe impact of freezing injury on high quality wheat are mainly in the south of Central South Henan The wheat freezing injury in Zhumadian area is more serious Freezing injury: the tillering rate of local wheat seedlings is generally 3-4 plants / tree, the frostbite rate is close to 20% - 25%, and the freezing death rate is close to 7% - 8% A large area of dead seedlings (the frostbite rate is close to 70% - 80%, and the dead seedling rate is close to 30%) has occurred in some wheat fields Causes of freezing injury: 1 Sowing time In the early stage of the wheat field, the seedlings are vigorous and long, the nutrient accumulation of cotyledons is insufficient, the thickness of cotyledons is low, and the freezing injury is serious Due to the slow growth and sufficient nutrition of wheat seedling in the late planting period, the effective protection of freezing injury was formed, but the common phenomenon of cotyledon drying still existed in wheat field 2 Variety difference There are many varieties of local wheat, the level of frost damage is uneven, and the specific degree of frost damage is difficult to evaluate It is understood that the local Youmai 9023 variety is in a moderate degree of frost damage, the newly opened 13 variety is slightly damaged, and the Qingfeng 3 variety is seriously damaged As a whole, the yield reduction of high-quality wheat varieties with frost damage is about 10% - 15% 3 Terrain difference As the terrain of Zhumadian area fluctuates to a certain extent, a large area of wheat field is in the leeward side, with slight damage The late management of freezing injury wheat field: the tillering situation of Zhumadian wheat field in spring is better, but the field management needs to be strengthened; the number of secondary tillering per plant is larger, but the seedling plant is weaker In the later stage, if the local wheat field lacks effective field management, the wheat yield recovery will be affected The wheat freezing injury in Luohe and Xuchang areas is more serious than that in Xuchang area Freezing injury: tillers of wheat fields are normal, generally 3-4 plants / plant, the degree of freezing injury is close to 20% - 30%, and the rate of dead seedlings is close to 5% - 7% Causes of freezing injury: the degree of freezing injury of wheat field in Luohe area is relatively consistent, and the overall degree is lighter than that in Zhumadian area The local high-quality wheat varieties are single, the growth degree is relatively balanced, but because of the earlier growth is more prosperous, the frozen area is larger Late management of frozen wheat field: after the damage of Luohe area, the field management is better Farmers generally adopt the method of gathering soil and burying roots, which has formed effective protection for the root system of wheat seedlings There is no large area of dead seedlings in the local wheat field In addition, many farmers irrigated and fertilized the wheat field in spring The tillering degree of the wheat field was obvious in spring, and the height of the new plant was close to the seedling height in the early stage According to this prediction, the damage degree of local wheat in the later stage can be made up to a large extent According to the investigation, the influence of freezing injury on Wheat in Henan Province is not too great However, it is predicted that the wheat yield in Henan Province may not reach the level of last year on the premise of the increase of wheat planting area this year, in which the yield of high-quality wheat is more likely to decrease