Domestic soybean crisis brings new development opportunities

Introduction: If we look at the current soybean crisis from a dialectical perspective, we will obviously feel that domestic soybeans seem to have started to "win from misfortune": since 2000, the State Planning Commission has activated the "soybean project", arranged 160 million yuan of central budget investment, and established three high-quality soybean production bases in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Heilongjiang reclamation areas At present, the project is still in progress In depth At the beginning of this year, the transgenic rules of 3 laws and regulations, including the administrative measures for the safety evaluation of agricultural genetically modified organisms, the administrative measures for the safety of the import of agricultural genetically modified organisms, and the administrative measures for the expression of agricultural genetically modified organisms, were officially released and came into force on March 20th, which greatly helped to reduce the impact of imported soybeans In spring, more than a thousand agricultural and agricultural machinery science and technology personnel in Heilongjiang reclamation area set up a service team to prepare for cultivation, which was sent to the production line of each farm, and comprehensively activated the construction of the national "soybean development plan" project The positive response of improving yield and quality by water conservancy facilities and farming system goes far beyond these This year, the State Planning Commission plans to allocate 140 million yuan of treasury bonds to the construction of soybean breeding system and production base in Northeast and Inner Mongolia, according to dialect, director of Agriculture Department of the State Planning Commission The soybean deep processing project will be listed in the modern agricultural high-tech industrialization demonstration project of the State Planning Commission, and the policy of exemption from soybean railway construction fund will be introduced soon The State Planning Commission will also coordinate with relevant departments to promulgate the policy that the export of soybean, soybean meal and soybean oil will be refunded value-added tax at 13% in full as soon as possible, so as to promote the export of soybean and its processed products The most prominent reason for the "crisis" of soybean is that at present, the output, quality and price of soybean in China can not adapt to the market situation of the huge increase of domestic demand, which leads to the massive entry of foreign soybean To solve this crisis, the first thing is to rapidly improve the yield, quality and competitiveness of soybean The above-mentioned initiatives are clearly under such consideration Dialect points out that in soybean production, there is a tendency to overemphasize seeds, which should be paid attention to In her opinion, the primary factor affecting the yield and quality of soybean in China is water, especially in the flowering period In recent years, the increasing spring drought in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia is one of the main reasons for the low yield and quality of soybean in China Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of water conservancy projects, improve the conditions of water conservancy facilities, and solve the problem of "neck drought" which is widespread and increasingly serious in the main soybean producing areas Dialect introduction, last year, some places in Northeast China increased soybean yield by more than 10 kg per mu only through one measure of underwater planting Heilongjiang national large commodity grain base project area ensured timely irrigation by improving farmland water conservancy facilities, and realized soybean yield increase by more than 20 kg per mu in the year of drought This is to grasp the key of "water" According to dialect, to solve the problem of low per unit yield of soybean in China, it is necessary to reform the traditional farming method and implement the rotation system once every three years According to a survey in Heilongjiang Province, she said, the most important factor affecting soybean yield per unit area is continuous cropping The implementation of soybean rotation can increase the per unit yield by more than 10% - 30%, which is close to that of the United States According to dialect, seed is the third factor that affects the yield and quality of soybean in China The biggest characteristic and advantage of soybean in China is non transgenic, which is mainly due to the conventional varieties rather than hybrid varieties It is necessary to unify the varieties of hybrid seeds and keep them unchanged for more than 10 years There is no need to emphasize the unity of varieties in soybean production in China The practice in recent years also shows that there is little difference in yield between the seeds supplied uniformly and the farmers' own seeds Because the price of 2 yuan per kilogram of seeds increases the burden on farmers At the same time, she pointed out that soybean varieties do not have improvement problems, but need to do articles on high oil and high protein But seed must not be placed in the first place of improving yield and quality With the increasing attention and support from the government departments to soybeans, and the popularity of soybeans in the market, at present, in Jilin and other places, soybean planting area has begun to pick up Dialects are worried about the rapid growth of soybean planting area She stressed that not the whole northeast is suitable for planting soybeans, but the north of Harbin is not suitable The soybean farming system must be reformed, and it should not develop too much blindly According to the dialect of production and marketing convergence and deep processing to improve industrial competitiveness, the competitiveness of China's soybeans is not high, to a large extent, it is beyond soybeans, not soybean itself Soybean competitiveness is mainly reflected in quality and price The quality is no more than oil content and protein content, mainly reflected in the field of production and scientific research; while the price is much more complex, including direct production cost and indirect cost According to the estimation of relevant departments, the direct production cost of soybean in China is about 150 yuan per mu, which is not much different from that in the United States The direct cost per mu in Heilongjiang reclamation area is even more than 110 yuan, but the indirect cost per mu is as high as 118 yuan Among them, all kinds of taxes are almost the same as other crops, high in the circulation and other external costs Although compared with other crops, the burden of soybean is not high, but China's input and subsidies on soybean are insufficient, which greatly widens the competitiveness gap with foreign soybean It is understood that in recent years, the United States has subsidized soybeans by an average of 2.5 billion US dollars per year, which is equivalent to the foreign exchange income of soybeans exported by China, equivalent to 275.2 yuan per ton of soybeans supplied to farmers There is no agricultural tax for farmers to grow soybeans, and there is another 600 million US dollars subsidy for soybeans export However, the government input of soybean in China is very low, and the relevant departments have made statistics Taking Shandong as an example, Shandong is one of the main soybean producing areas The annual financial input for wheat breeding in this province is 6 million yuan, and the soybean is only 100000 yuan Therefore, relevant experts pointed out that the ups and downs of China's soybean position in the international market are closely related to the previous policy orientation In the period of emphasizing the problem of food and clothing, soybean naturally gives way to high-yield crops such as rice, wheat and corn Therefore, financial investment is a big difference In addition, the standards of export tax rebate are different and arbitrary in the process of implementation 13% of the export tax rebate standards are often only implemented by 3%, which also affects the competitiveness of China's soybean in the international market The cost of circulation link is still high in China The CIF of foreign soybeans imported from far away is even about 10% lower than that of domestic soybeans Dialect introduction, according to the survey, the transportation cost of soybeans in our province is about 20 yuan per ton, while that in other provinces is more than 100 yuan per ton In addition, according to the current policy, Northeast soybean customs clearance must go to Dalian, and most of them are bulk, the loss is amazing The soybean trade bank has occupied too much liquidity for a long time, which also increased the indirect cost of soybean Dialect says that a northeast man who is doing soybean business in Pudong, Shanghai, has done more than 30 soybean business with foreign countries in recent years, but only once with Heilongjiang When asked about his reasons, he said that when doing business with foreign countries, one phone call or one e-mail, the contract will come, and the delivery time will be timely If there is a breach of contract, foreign businessmen often take the initiative to pay liquidated damages The actual quality of the goods will also be exactly the same as that of the samples The situation of doing business with domestic enterprises is quite different: the trade mode is rigid, the credit is poor, and the adulteration makes the fake serious Although the answer is simple, it reflects profound questions: These are the concrete manifestations of the poor competitiveness of China's soybean Dialect says, from the perspective of the whole industry, China's soybean competitiveness is also far behind foreign countries, mainly reflected in the lack of regional linkage of the industrial chain The annual processing capacity of more than 600 oil plants in China is only about 50 million tons, with an average annual processing capacity of less than 10000 tons for each enterprise, far lower than the annual production capacity of 7 million tons for a single factory in the United States At the same time, the backward management and technology of soybean processing enterprises and the outdated equipment also hinder the development of soybean oil extraction industry She believes that it is the general trend for soybean processing enterprises to cooperate with the main production areas and develop towards the direction of scale and collectivization (author:) share to feed Weibo share to: