Discussion on the development strategy of grain and oil processing industry in China

Introduction: in the first 20 years of this century, China will build a well-off society in an all-round way, and the per capita GNP of residents will rise from 800 US dollars to more than 3000 US dollars The world development experience shows that, at this stage of social development, people are no longer satisfied with the quantity supply of food consumption, but give them many higher pursuits, such as safety, nutrition and health care, leisure and entertainment The proportion of industrial products in food will be greatly increased It is expected that the proportion of industrial food in total food consumption will be increased from 37.8% to about 70%, basically reaching the first 80% in developed countries Enter the level Experts said that this is the basic foothold of China's grain and oil industry development strategy in the next 20 years DHR grain and oil is a large agricultural product, among which rice, wheat, corn, soybean and rape are the five major grain and oil crops in China, which affect the development of national economy and the people's livelihood Both developed and developing countries or underdeveloped countries in the world regard grain and oil as an important strategic material, and attach great importance to the development of processing technology and equipment If there is grain, it will be rich, if there is no grain, it will be poor, which has become the general law of world economic development Current situation of DHR: China is a big country in grain and oil processing industry, but far from a strong country With the rapid development of China's national economy, grain and oil processing industry has made great progress and development According to statistics, there were 20751 grain and oil processing enterprises in China at the end of 2002 Among them, there are 8991 rice processing enterprises with an annual production capacity of 73.24 million tons and an annual production capacity of 18.78 million tons There are 6591 flour processing enterprises with an annual production capacity of 70.42 million tons and an annual production capacity of 27.13 million tons of flour (38% of special flour, 27% of special flour, 21% of standard flour and 11% of special flour) There are 5169 edible vegetable oil processing enterprises, with an annual processing capacity of 42.18 million tons and a total annual production of 7.245 million tons (including 14% soybean oil, 42% rapeseed oil, 7% peanut oil and 4.6% cottonseed oil); in terms of oil structure, salad oil accounts for 29%, high cooking oil accounts for 8%, primary oil accounts for 17% and secondary oil accounts for 41%) In 2002, the total output value of grain and oil industry was 154.79 billion yuan (current price), including 22.17 billion yuan for rice, 38.5 billion yuan for flour and 94.12 billion yuan for vegetable oil In 2002, the sales revenue of grain and oil industry was 145.82 billion yuan, including 19.71 billion yuan for rice, 35.27 billion yuan for flour and 93.53 billion yuan for vegetable oil The total profit is 2.797 billion yuan, including 327 million yuan for rice, 605 million yuan for flour and 1.866 billion yuan for vegetable oil If DHR only looks from the number of enterprises and processing capacity, China is indeed a big country in the world's grain and oil processing industry, but compared with the grain and oil processing industry of the developed countries in the world, the gap in China's grain and oil processing industry is obvious These differences are manifested in many aspects, such as the large number and small scale of enterprises, and the successful experience of developing large-scale production and intensive operation of grain and oil industry in the developed countries in the world is far behind The processing capacity of grain and oil industry is seriously surplus, the operating rate of rice processing plant is only 25.6%; the operating rate of flour processing plant is only 38.5%; the operating rate of oil processing plant is only 51.5% There is a big gap between the annual operating rate of grain and oil processing plants in developed countries of 80% - 90%, and the productivity efficiency is low In addition, the efficiency of grain and oil industry enterprises is low The total annual profit of 20751 processing plants in China is 2.797 billion yuan, and the average annual profit of plants is 134800 yuan There is a big gap between the economic benefits of grain and oil processing enterprises in developed countries The proportion of grain and oil deep processing, multi product and high-efficiency value-added is too small, and the level of adopting new technology and improving resource utilization is relatively low Most of the equipment of grain and oil processing machinery still relies on foreign products, and China's grain and oil processing machinery lacks well-known brands The first ten years of DHR: the long-term development strategy of China's grain and oil industry in the next 20 years should be divided into the first ten years and the second ten years In the first ten years, according to the planning of the national advantageous agricultural products regional industrial belt, a number of large-scale leading enterprises with an annual output of 300000-500000 tons of rice, flour and oil were reorganized and built in the main grain and oil producing regions; the HACCP regulations were strictly implemented to meet the challenges of WTO The rice production of the leading rice processing enterprises should reach 10% of the total annual rice production, that is, 12 million tons of rice; the flour production of the leading flour processing enterprises should account for about 10% of the total annual flour production, that is, about 8 million tons of flour; the annual oil production of the large oil processing enterprises should account for about 40% of the total annual oil production, that is, about 3 million tons Of vegetable oils Leading enterprises mainly produce high-quality brand products of rice, flour and oil to meet the needs of domestic big cities and international trade During this period, China's grain and oil enterprises will inevitably enter the stage of high-speed merger and reorganization Under the guidance of relevant national policies, under the market economy competition, there will inevitably be a number of large grain and oil leading enterprises emerging and growing, and a number of small factories with backward technology and equipment and low product quality will be shut down and bankrupt So that China's grain and oil enterprises will embark on the development road of large-scale production, intensive management and international integration At the same time, DHR, under the demonstration and drive of scientific and technological achievements in the research and development of rice, wheat, corn, soybean and double low rape deep processing technology in the tenth five year plan, has made the conversion rate and product quality of grain and oil resources reach the level of industrial developed countries in the mid-1990s, and the processing and finished products have begun to develop in the direction of diversification, nutrition, convenience, safety and quality The comprehensive utilization level should reach the international level in the 1990s, and some special products should reach the international advanced level For this reason, DHR mainly produces high-tech products such as germinated brown rice products, high-specification starch sugar, high-purity rice protein, rice starch fat substitutes, rice bran polysaccharide and rice husk deep-processing products (such as decolorizer, silica gel, etc.) with domestic and foreign markets Wheat processing takes scientific and technological innovation as the breakthrough point, giving priority to the development of special flour for food, the development of new varieties of flour, premixed flour, etc.; the development of extended flour products such as soup flour, flour drag material, etc., so as to open up a new economic growth point for wheat processing industry At the same time, we should strengthen the research of flour quality improver Biological improver is the development direction of flour quality improver We should conquer the core technology of flour quality improver production, and change the situation of relying on foreign products and technology DHR actively promotes nutritional fortified flour According to the dietary characteristics of our country, in accordance with the principle of "nutrition balance, health and reliability, economy and rationality, no influence on the original flavor, reasonable preservation rate of fortifier", some nutritional fortifiers, such as lysine, threonine, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium (calcium gluconate), iron (ferrous lactate), zinc (zinc chloride), etc., are added to the flour properly, so as to The nutritional value of flour was obviously improved To carry out the comprehensive utilization of wheat processing by-products, China has more than 10 million tons of bran resources every year We should actively use biotechnology and other high-tech food science and engineering fields to develop gluten, wheat germ, wheat bran products, so as to maximize the use of wheat resources DHR corn processing is based on the principle of doing something or not Corn starch sugar, corn fuel alcohol and corn special modified starch are selected as the priority areas and directions of corn deep processing Meanwhile, corn early food, leisure food and quick frozen fresh corn food are actively developed The next 10 years will be a critical period for the development of China's corn processing industry The overall development goal is to maintain the growth rate of 8% of the total output value of corn processing industry, which will increase from 30 billion yuan to 55 billion yuan by 2010 In the corn processing industry, priority should be given to the development of corn deep processing The amount of corn deep processing increased from 10% to 15% In DHR oil processing, membrane separation for water degumming, mixed oil for solvent separation, instead of mixed oil evaporation and stripping for solvent recovery, can save energy and reduce consumption In order to improve the extraction rate of protein and oil, cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase were used The application of biotechnology in the preparation of oil modified or structured lipids The technology of enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymatic directed fat exchange was used to produce functional oil or structural lipid; conjugated linoleic acid was synthesized by chemical or enzymatic methods; dehulled separation, cold pressing, extrusion and low-temperature extraction of double low rapeseed; the development and utilization of special oil resources were studied DHR further improves the overall level of processing technology and equipment of soybean protein and soybean phospholipid, and studies and improves the ripening and industrialization level of deep processing products such as soybean oligosaccharide, isoflavone, saponin, natural vitamin E, soybean protein peptide and dietary fiber To improve the scale processing technology and preservation and quality technology of traditional soybean products, and to change the status quo of less varieties of soybean protein, single function and unreasonable product structure At the same time, we will integrate domestic famous grain and oil processing machinery enterprises and superior products, improve the performance and quality of grain and oil processing machinery, and build a famous brand of China's grain and oil processing machinery The next ten years of DHR: fully involve in the production of high-tech and high value-added products Based on the implementation of the development strategy of the first ten years, the grain and oil processing industry in the next ten years should vigorously build 5-10 large grain and oil groups like "COFCO group" with a scale of 500000-1 million tons and an annual output value of about 100 billion, and enter the world top 500 DHR is closely around the general trend of grain and oil scientific research in the 21st century Grain and oil processing should develop in-depth in the direction of nutrition, health, safety, convenience and delicacy, and conduct in-depth research around the three major nutrients of carbohydrate, protein and fat, as well as vitamins and trace elements necessary for human beings The processing and transformation of rice, wheat, corn, oil, potato and other agricultural products were extensively studied With the rapid development of high technology in the world, the research and development of high-tech and high value-added products has become the focus of grain food science research in the world The author believes that the development strategy of China's grain and oil processing industry in the next ten years should deal with the following hot products in the world, which are produced by industrialization in small and medium-sized trials, so as to produce huge economic and social benefits There should be a new breakthrough in the industrial production of DHR cereal protein and bioactive peptide From the perspective of the world food trend, protein from plant sources plays an increasingly important role in dietary supplement and food processing Protein is not only a nutrient substance, but also a natural macromolecular substance, which has the functional properties such as solubility, emulsification, foaming, gelation and so on Protein from plant sources is generally poor in functional application, and its functional quality can be improved by modification, so it has a wide application prospect The bioactive peptide of cereal protein is characterized by good solubility, easy absorption and utilization by organism, diversity of structure and biological activity, with antihypertensive activity, antithrombotic activity, morphine like activity, morphine like antagonistic activity, etc., high safety, non-toxic side effects, broad application prospects and economic and social benefits, and should be industrialized in the next ten years For starch and its modified starch, DHR modified cereal starch with modern biotechnology, and transformed into resistant starch, porous starch, slow digestion starch, new fat substitute and other products with more characteristics and new uses Starch is the main component of grain The three main raw materials of starch industry are corn, wheat and potato Rice starch accounts for only 13%, less than half of corn, ranking fourth However, rice starch has a good market prospect because of its unique performance and use At present, there is a large demand for high-purity rice starch (protein content is less than 5%) in the international market Rice starch has been widely used