Discussion on the development of ternary hybrid pig should meet the market demand

Introduction: Abstract: In view of the current development of pig production and people's scientific pursuit of pig meat quality, and from the scientific and technological trends of pig breeding, the current production level and market consumption demand, the three-way hybrid production technology of pig is promoted First, based on the comprehensive implementation of pig two-way hybrid in China, a high-quality and efficient female parent is selected and a three-way hybrid system of pig (two foreign and one parent) is formed with the imported male parent of foreign meat type pig Secondly, the production combination mode of commercial pigs is formed by appropriately introducing the line sows bred by foreign pig lineage into the local improved sows and crossing with the foreign meat type sows It is a rational choice to make full use of the local pig resources, keep the local pork flavor and adapt to the consumption of pork market In order to develop the three-way hybrid production of foreign pig breeds, we should take processing, exporting and earning foreign exchange as the goal, and determine the scale of production and development Key words: the development of ternary hybrid pig pork should be suitable for market consumption At present, it has entered a new stage of development Before 1990, China's per capita pork accounted for less than 20kg, and the total supply was insufficient Since 1991, the per capita pork has been increasing year by year, reaching 33.8kg by 2000 The contradiction between market supply and demand has been basically solved, and the relative surplus of pork has appeared in most and medium-sized cities At present, people put forward new requirements for the quality of pork The production of high-quality, safe, green, pollution-free and safe pork came into being This is the three stages of pig production and development in China [1] In order to improve the quality of pork in China, local pig breeds have been selected and improved There are 48 local pig breeds and 35 new breeds There are more than 10 famous meat varieties and strains introduced from all over the world, accounting for about one-third of the total number of pig breeds in the world This does not include some imported matching lines In the 1950s to 1970s, the construction of sows was a kind of local low quality sows with low productivity; in the late 1980s to the mid 1990s, it should be the stage of breeding, improving and popularizing improved sows; in the mid and late 1990s to the end of the 20th century, the local sows should be improved At the same time, the pigs basically realized binary hybridization In 2000, China's total meat output was 64.445 million tons, including 43.058 million tons of pork, accounting for 66.8% of the total meat output It is predicted that by 2005, the export volume of pork will rise from 241000 tons before China's accession to the WTO to 4588000 tons [2] By then, the export proportion of pork will only be about 10% At present and in the future, we should make full use of the resources of our country's two-way hybrid pig to establish the three-way hybrid system of live pig, and to form the production combination of commercial pig by crossing the female parent of local pig breeds with the male parent of foreign pig breeds This is to make full use of the advantages of local pig breeds It is an ideal choice for consumers in the market to make meat quality without losing local pork flavor In order to develop three-way crossbreeding of foreign pig breeds, we should take processing, exporting and earning foreign exchange as the goal, and lay out the scale of production and development 1 From the perspective of pig Germplasm Characteristics, the local pig breeds in China have strong fecundity and stress resistance (cold resistance, heat resistance, rough tolerance, etc.), good meat quality, but slow growth; the introduction of foreign meat type pig breeds has fast growth rate, high slaughter rate and carcass lean meat rate, but poor meat quality After decades of research, it has been shown that the meat quality of the two-way or Three-way Hybrid Pigs, which are made from the local improved sows and the introduced meat pigs, is better than that of the foreign pigs, and is welcomed by the market consumers In recent years, the new strains of Rongchang pig lean meat type, Sichuan white pig I, Sutai pig, Suzhong pig, Jiaxing black pig lean meat type, etc., which are bred by introducing foreign blood (foreign pig breeds) from local improved sows in China, all contain local pig breeds (with different proportions), and their growth rate and carcass lean meat rate are lower than those of "yangsanyuan" pigs, but they are obvious in reproductive performance and meat quality Better than "Yang Sanyuan" pig It is reported that the intramuscular fat content is considered to be positively correlated with the taste of pork; Duroc muscle fat content is as high as 4.29%, and it is found that the most palatable intramuscular fat content of pork is 2-3% [3]; at the same time, there are also data proving that there is a negative genetic correlation between carcass lean meat rate and pork tenderness and juiciness; there is also a response to nutrition in the experiment The level has a certain impact on the meat quality of pigs The meat quality is the best under low nutrition level, slightly worse under high and medium nutrition level, and more obvious in Landrace pigs [4] Genetic factors, i.e whether the breed of pig is good or not, are the main factors determining the meat quality Progress in the production of two pig three way hybrid 2.1 foreign research experience in Europe is more use of three breed hybrid and two breed hybrid, and the use of recurrent hybrid is more common in the United States than in Europe This is mainly because the recurrent crossbreeding only needs to provide the pure reserve boar to the commodity production field, while the artificial breeding is carried out Only the semen of the pure male is provided during sperm production, and the hybrid sows of the previous generation in the production field are directly selected as the sows of the next generation, which greatly reduces the production cost of the breeding sows that are specially provided for the production field for replacement, and also reduces the epidemic threat brought by the introduction 2.2 research progress in China 2.1.1 in the past 30 years, the general conclusion of crossbreeding experiment in China is that the three varieties are the best, that is, the imported meat type is the terminal male parent (the selection of Duroc and barkha as the terminal male parent is better), they are crossbred with different types of F1 hybrid sows, and the Three-way Hybrid pigs produced are used as commercial pigs 　　2.2.2  According to the literature report, the experiment summary of the production of commercial lean pigs in our country points out that 47 binary hybrids and 36 ternary hybrids have been screened out in China In the binary hybrids, the carcass lean ratio of the binary hybrid pigs produced by the introduction of meat type breeds and domestic bred breeds is about 57%, and the ternary hybrid pigs produced by this F1 sow and another meat type breed are obtained The lean meat rate of the carcass has been raised to about 59%, which is roughly equivalent to the lean meat rate of a new meat type pig bred in 10 years It can fully meet the quality requirements of the urban people for fresh meat carcass [5] 2.2.3 according to some experiments of the reported lean meat rate of live pigs, the carcass lean meat rate of "Yang Sanyuan" or "Tu Sanyuan" or "Du Changben" is 60.7% and 55.8% respectively, which is 12 and 7.1 percentage points higher than that of "Tu dualistic" or "long Ben", with an increase of 24.6% and 14.6% [6] 2.2.4 cultivate new strains of local pig breeds Through breeding and breeding a new line with a certain local pig pedigree, the research objective is to optimize the production performance and meat characters The 10-15 new strains of pigs to be bred in the tenth five year plan should belong to this type 2.2.5 in recent years, the research on the three-way hybrid combination of pigs shows that there are many reports on the production performance and fattening effect, while there are some reports on the research of meat characters, but relatively few 2.3 the practice of "foreign ternary" crossbreeding of live pigs has proved that in the past, many large-scale pig farms in Japan, Taiwan, Guangdong, Henan and other places mainly followed the "foreign ternary" crossbreeding system, and now there is also a significant decline in meat quality [1] In recent years, five series of matching pigs introduced and cultivated from pic company of UK in Chongqing have been bred and promoted for many years According to market consumers and industry insiders, their meat quality is significantly different from that of "Tu dual" and "Tu triple", which is manifested in poor taste and thick intuitive muscle fiber It can be predicted that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages of developing the production form of "foreign Sanyuan" pigs, which should not be followed in China 3 Discussion on the necessary conditions and two layouts of three way cross of pigs Three pure breeding varieties must be established for pigs, the first female parent should be selected for the population, and the first male parent and the second male parent (i.e the terminal male parent, Duroc and barkha are preferred) should be determined at the same time; the binary hybrid female parent and the terminal male parent should be arranged to form the production combination model of commercial Three-way Hybrid Pigs 3.2 the combination mode of 3.2.1 "soil three elements" was selected as the combination mode of pig three element hybrid, and the two element hybrid sows were used to produce three element hybrid lean pigs This is due to the mass selection, local materials, easy to promote, is a shortcut to the development of lean pigs 3.2.2 it is a long-term plan to realize the production of high-quality commercial pigs by using local sows as the female parent, introducing foreign blood (foreign meat type pigs) appropriately to cultivate lean meat type local strains and varieties as the female parent, and then crossing with the terminal male parent 3.2.3 in the "foreign three yuan" breeding system, select foreign meat type varieties, such as Changbai and Dabai (dayokha) to form two hybrid sows, and then cross with Duroc to obtain commercial pigs 3.3 comprehensive evaluation of three way crossbreeding of pigs 3.3.1 the most urgent task is to select and keep the sows with strong motherhood and high litter rate among the two way crossbreeding pigs with "one foreign and one native" and to form the three way crossbreeding pigs with "two foreign and one native" by crossing them with the arranged terminal male parents for market consumption, which is the strategy to improve pork quality and judge the situation 　　3.3.2  In the 21st century, how to breed a new female line with high fecundity, suitable carcass lean percentage and good carcass quality, including 1 / 4 or 1 / 8 of local pig pedigree, in the hybrid combination of "three native" or "three foreign one native" or "four foreign one native" of pigs, which should be improved as a local improved female line of pigs A key project 3.3.3 the development of "foreign three yuan" pigs is not suitable for large-scale promotion It should take the industrial groups with the advantages of developing export-oriented economy as the link, take the scale pig raising mode for the purpose of processing, exporting and earning foreign exchange, and establish a one-stop service system integrating production, processing and sales Why is "foreign three yuan" pig not suitable for large-scale promotion? The key is to make full use of the local pig resources, breed the pigs with good performance and meat quality by introducing the foreign pig lineage appropriately, and then emphasize the establishment of excellent pig herds through their own breeding, and do not spend the limited funds for the development of animal husbandry in China on a large number of imported pig breeds 3.3.4 do not excessively pursue the growth speed of pigs Commercial pigs with a weight of 90-100kg and a daily age of 160-170 days will be put on the market 3.3.5 the carcass lean rate of female line is about 55-58%, and that of commercial pig is about 58-60% Too high carcass lean ratio will lead to the decline of pork quality References: [1] Wang Linyun High quality pork production and utilization of local pig breeds Animal husbandry and veterinary, 2001, (5): 18 [2] Yu Fasan et al Reform of farming system and sustainable development of animal husbandry China Journal of animal husbandry, 2002, (2): 3 [3] Liu Honglin et al Pork quality and its influencing factors (I) - genetic factors affecting pork quality Animal husbandry and veterinary, 2000, (6): 38, 39 [4] ou Xiuqiong et al Variety and nutrition level and the effect of their interaction on pig meat quality Sichuan Animal Husbandry and veterinary, 2000, (11) 17, 19 [5] Chen Runsheng Pig production China Agricultural Press, first edition in December 1995 (6th printing in July 2001): 123, 124, 125 [6] Zeng chuankun et al Report on the fattening effect of three hybrid pigs: Du DA and Du Chang Ben Sichuan Animal Husbandry and veterinary, 2001, (4): 23, 27 [7]