[discussion on No.1 document by experts 6] Ren Dapeng: protect farmers practically

Introduction: (ren Dapeng, Professor, School of Humanities and development, China Agricultural University) (ren Dapeng, Professor, School of Humanities and development, China Agricultural University) rjp's "three rural" issues, in the final analysis, are farmers' issues The first document of the Central Committee pointed out that "there are many contradictions and problems in the current development of agriculture and rural areas, especially the difficulty of increasing farmers' income." Many years of practice have proved that the development of agriculture and the progress of rural society are impossible without solving the problems of farmers, especially the slow growth of farmers' income It is difficult for rjp farmers to increase their income On the one hand, the production and management of agricultural products do not adapt to the new market pattern after China's agriculture enters a new stage of development; on the other hand, the interests of farmers are not fully respected and protected by policies and systems The contradiction between production and market can be solved by adjusting the agricultural structure, improving the quality of agricultural products and expanding the market of agricultural products, while the defects of policies and systems must be based on the requirements of balancing urban and rural economic and social development to establish and improve the protection mechanism of farmers' interests The protection of farmers' rights and interests involves the property rights and interests, democratic political rights and social rights and interests of farmers These rights and interests are a whole and interrelated, among which property rights and interests are the basis and core of various rights and interests of farmers Therefore, to increase the income of farmers, we should first respect and protect the property rights and interests of farmers Rjp land right is the most important property right of farmers, and it is also the most vulnerable right to be deprived and violated The outstanding performance is that the expansion of the scope of land acquisition from the government departments, the randomness of the land acquisition approval process, and the random recovery of the contracted land from the collective economic organizations deprive the farmers of the right to use the land; the unreasonable compensation mechanism for land acquisition infringes the farmers' right to obtain the land value-added benefits; the unreasonable tax burden increases the farmers' success in obtaining the land income In the process of agricultural structure adjustment, forcing farmers to change the planting structure will damage the farmers' decision-making right of production and management; in the process of land transfer, administrative coercion will damage the farmers' right of land contract Based on these problems, it is necessary to establish a legal system to protect the land rights of farmers by restricting land acquisition, improving the system of land contract right, unifying the urban and rural tax system, and improving the social security mechanism of landless farmers Rjp must protect farmers' democratic political rights and social rights and interests while protecting their property rights For example, we need to improve the people's Congress system and the villagers' self-government system, ensure the right of farmers to participate in the management of national and social affairs; we need to establish and improve the rural social security system, and improve the measures for farmers' unemployment security, medical security and education security In order to protect the rights and interests of farmers, rjp should establish corresponding system in law The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has already begun to draft the law on the protection of the rights and interests of farmers, and formulate corresponding systems for the infringement of the rights and interests of farmers, and implement legislative protection for the rights and interests of farmers Foreign agricultural and rural legislation, such as the basic law of food, agriculture and rural areas in Japan and the agricultural guidance law in France, all have systems to protect the interests of farmers, such as the pension of farmers, rural social security and so on These systems have important reference value for the legislation of protecting the rights and interests of farmers in China Rjp must improve the effective mechanism of the system operation at the same time of the legislation of protecting farmers' interests On the one hand, we should strengthen the degree of farmers' organization, improve farmers' negotiating position in the process of market transactions, and ensure the fairness of transactions On the other hand, we should improve the legal environment in rural areas, improve the awareness of farmers' rights, establish the rural judicial assistance system, and improve the legal mechanism of farmers' rights protection RJp