Direct electrical stimulation in surgery studies the neural structure of the interaction between motion and language.

The interaction between language and motor function has always been the subject of research on brain development and pathological models.
effect of motor system on language function has been studied by neuroimerics combined with non-invasive brain stimulation.
, however, little is known about the basis of the neurostrucients that may be involved in this interaction.
Fabien Rech of THERU-Nancy Neurosurgery, University of Lorraine, France, and other applications such as direct electrostimulations (DES) reveal the composition of the cortical-cortical subtranstruct structure of language and motor function and its role in the interrelations, published online May 2020 in Brain and Cogtionni.
results of this study direct electrical stimulation has been widely used in brain surgery, and revealed many tissue connections in the functional structure of the cortal and cortic.
first part of a study, including Fabien Rech, focused on analyzing the functional and structural relationships between language and motion through DES.
the second part of the report reported 117 patients with low-grade glioma in sobriety surgery, DES surgery to detect the spatial distribution and connection of speech and motor cortal structure of the preliminary results.
because of the length of the article, this compilation only describes the neural structure involved in the interaction between motion and language.
researchers perform DES on the brain while the patient is performing cognitive or motor tasks.
virtual temporary damage to the stimulated cortological or under-cortological structure allows surgeons to recognize the functional consequences of the removal of the structure, with the aim of retaining brain function when removing tumors or epilepsy lesions under sobriety surgery.
past, motor function positioning was the stimulation of a part of the cort vein during surgery that caused the corresponding muscle contraction, i.e. a positive motor reaction (PMR), and the surgeon could immediately stop the operation to avoid permanent movement disorders.
under sobriety surgery or general anaesthetic, the positioning of horizontal motor functions under the cortic and cortic can be done through motion-induced potential monitoring.
PMR reportedly determines that functional areas on the primary motor cortical (M1) are distributed according to specific parts of the body, such as the central front return (precentral gyrus, preCG), the pre-movement area, the forehead up (SFG) and the forehead return (MFG).
the cone beam is identified by PMR at the lower cortical level.
the inner side of the hemisphere of the brain, stimulating the side central leaf and auxiliary motor region (SMA) to induce PMR.
stimulate SMA to observe the movement of the side single or upper and lower limbs, or even the same side or two sides.
stimulates from the side central leaf forward and back, a wide range of body distributions of the lower, upper limbs and head can be found.
the purpose of locating brain function diagrams in sobriety is to identify language functional areas during tumor removal.
because of the variability between individuals and the plasticity of the brain, it is not possible to predict the exact area of the cortological expression of the cerebral cortation before surgery, which needs to be monitored in real time during lesions removal.
The cortic regions that cause speech impairment, semantics, and speech impairments are located in the left hemisphere's forehead (IFG) and forehead (MFG), upper (STG), and mid-back (MTG), edge back (SMG), and angular back (AG), well beyond the Wernicke region.
speech stops by inducing the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) on both sides of the abdomen, rather than through the classic Broca area.
stimulates the central back and forth can cause pronunciation disorders.
stimulates the inner hemisphere of the brain, the junction of the auxiliary motor area and the pre-exercise area, and the SMA can cause speech to stop, speech hesitation, or slow down, earlier than the patient's upper limb movement disorder.
Auxiliary Motion Zone (SMA) usually refers to the area between the preSMA as the leading edge and the front of the side central leaf as the rear edge, which plays a different role in the overall continuous activity.
DES, you can identify the corresponding body-specific functional areas and the arrangement of language and motion functions from front to back.
that during cortic stimulation, induced speech and motor reactions are not uncommon.
stimulation of preSMA can lead to naming disorders, but not accompanied by movement disorders.
as a result, preSMA participates in the vocabulary system, especially with MFG and IFG, while SMA connected to PMv is more involved in speech generation.
the above results show that at the SMA level, the close relationship and interaction between motion networks and language networks.
fact, it is difficult to find specific corresponding modules in the SMA complex that trigger motion and language, so the author assumes that language and motion functions are processed at the same time in the same structure, and that SMA is the basis for processing behavioral time.
This conforms to the theory of functional visibility, that is, the two behaviors of speech and movement compete, because of the same exchange system processing, so in the framework of verbal and non-verbal communication, the phenomenon of gesture coordination speech appears.
recently emerged a new concept of negative motor response (NMR), which refers to the interruption of movement after electrical stimulation without symptoms of loss of consciousness.
DES confirmed that premodal cortical separation, previously studied in neuroimage studies, occurred in preCG, i.e. the back-side premodyal motor cortical (PMd) and PMv.
the NMR cluster in the upper limb functional area can be divided into 4 parts.
premodypidic cortic separation through more than two clusters of preCG on two hemispheres, reflecting the language of NMR.
of NMR, the language, is widely distributed on preCG and is far from Broca;
NMR clusters may have different functions.
Therefore, the NMR clusters of language and upper limb functional areas can be distributed into multiple sub-regions, which may be arranged according to the "things clustering" method that performs the same task, and correspond to the hem-helio-hembal cortical cortical, indicating that multiple processes of language and movement occur at the preCG level.
Stimulates the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and fronto-striatal tract (FST) of the white mass path, which can cause speech cessation and upper limb function of the NMR, indicating that the nerve fibers involved in language and motor activities are closely adjacent, may receive stimulation at the same time, or may have two functions at the same time.
these nerve fibers may have originated in the same cortological site or been transmitted to the same target.
THE FAT connects SMA and PMv, both of which are related to motion startup and language.
FST is connected to the substrate nerve joint and is involved in the formation of a loop responsible for behavioral selection of the cortical-substrate nerve-cortical.
stimulation under the cortical cortical confirms the relationship between the vocabulary-semantic system, which is closer to the mouth side and relies on the front structure of the FAT and FST, and the language-motion system, which is closer to the tail and relies on the back assist of the FAT and FST.
, the above results show that the structure that controls language and motion is widely distributed in the forehead and is dominated by the same multimodal cortical-cortical network.
The copyright notices that works published by the God's Extraterreal Information APP, including but not limited to the copyright of text, images, videos, are owned by the Sponsor/original author and the Extrathesic Information, and no one may steal any content directly or indirectly by adapting, tailoring, copying, reprinting, editing, recording, etc. without the express authorization of the Extrathesic Information.
works authorized for use by extra-divine information shall be used within the scope of the authorization, and please indicate the source: extra-divine information.
violation, the foreign information will reserve the right to further investigate the infringer's legal liability.
to personally retweet and share the works published in this issue.
.