Development strategy of pig industry in Anhui Province

Introduction: Anhui is a big pig province In recent years, pig industry has developed rapidly In order to promote the healthy and rapid development of pig industry in our province, this paper discusses and discusses the current situation and scientific research progress of pig industry in our province, the development trend and direction of pig industry in the future, and the technology of producing safe pork, so as to provide reference for the development of pig industry in our province now and in the future Key words: Anhui pig industry; development strategy; safe pork 1 current situation of pig industry in Anhui Province 1.1 production situation of commercial pigs Anhui Province is one of the top ten pig producing provinces in China and the traditional pig transfer out area At the beginning of reform and opening up, in 1978, about 6.5 million live pigs and 500000 tons of pork were sold, accounting for 91% of the total meat output In recent years, with the development of market economy and the continuous improvement of market requirements, the correct leadership and strong support of the provincial Party committee and the provincial government, as well as the participation of all walks of life, the content of science and technology has been continuously improved, and intensive and large-scale pig farms have been emerging By 2003, the number of pigs on hand had reached 18.737 million, 27.296 million were on the market, and the output of pork had reached 2.254 million tons Compared with 1978, the number of pigs on the market had increased by 4.2 times, and the output of pork had increased by 4.5 times The stock and pork account for 4.2% and 5% of the total amount of the country, respectively, which play an important role in the national pig industry The level of pig production in Anhui Province from 2001 to 2003 is shown in Table 1 Table 1: changes of pig production level in 2001-03: annual stock / output / output / average carcass weight (kg / head) 2001 1910.6 2408 199.9 83 2002 1995.4 2453.9 201.2 82 2003 1873.6 2729.6 225.4 82.6 Since the beginning of 2004, pig farming has entered the golden cycle, and the market price of pork in various provinces and cities in China has been greatly increased Like other regions in China, there are signs of shortage in market supply due to the rising market price of pigs and market pork According to the survey of typical counties, pig production has continued to decline since the second half of last year, with shortage of goods and rising prices At the end of September, there were 18.68 million live pigs in the province, down 4.7% from the same period last year, while the prices of live pigs and pork remained high in the same period There are more than 30 pig farms with an annual output of more than 10000, more than 300 with an annual output of more than 1000, more than 1400 with an annual output of more than 500, more than 90000 specialized pig households, and the proportion of large-scale pig raising is 25% There are more than 1000 pig raising areas of various types in the province, with an average of 5200 pigs raised in each area At the same time, the processing capacity of animal products in Anhui Province has been further improved According to incomplete statistics, the ratio of the output value of animal products processing industry to that of animal husbandry is 0.45:1, and the annual processing capacity of large-scale enterprises reaches 5 million pigs and the annual production capacity of feed reaches 2 million tons At present, the province has more than 10000 stockbrokers of all kinds, and the annual sales of livestock products account for about 30% of the total production 1.2 construction of breeding system of breeding pigs Anhui is rich in local pig resources There are six excellent local pig breeds, including Huainan pig (Dingyuan pig, shouhuo black pig), Wanbei pig, Wannan huapig, Wannan black pig, Liubai pig and polder pig, which have been listed in the local pig breed records of Anhui Province In 2002, our province has determined a batch of provincial key pig farms and 55 binary sows designated breeding farms as the production base of ternary hybrid lean pig In order to protect the local excellent pig resources, Anhui province invests millions of yuan every year for the protection of livestock and poultry varieties These local pig breeds are carrying out the strategy of combining conservation, utilization and development: conservation is to preserve excellent traits and genes, utilization is to cultivate new lines and specialized strains, development is to produce hybrid pigs and hybrid mating lines with the best hybrid combination In addition to local pigs, our province has also introduced some foreign excellent breeding pigs For example, in 2001, Anhui Province livestock and poultry breed improvement station introduced 100 American Duroc sows (85 basic sows, 15 boars, 10 families in total), which have been expanded to the original Duroc pig farm of 300 sows At present, there are more than 100 pig farms in our province, which can breed 40000 sows In addition to the local pig breeds, there are Changbai, dayuk, Duroc and other foreign improved breeds of pigs A pyramid type breeding system with multiple mechanisms has been initially formed, i.e the breeding and commercial pig farms of the original, the progeny and the parents 1.3 development of pollution-free pig breeding In the 21st century, agriculture is changing from quantity agriculture to quality agriculture With the improvement of people's living standards, people will have higher requirements for pork quality, not only for lean meat, moderate fat, flavor, PSE free meat, but also for pork without antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals, organic phosphorus and other residues The pollution-free pig breeding in our province is starting rapidly At present, there are 9 pig farms in our province that have passed the certification of producing area of pollution-free products, They are eight pig farms in Bengbu, Hefei Chusheng agricultural and sideline products research institute, Huaiyuan Yuwang breeding Co., Ltd., Mengcheng Dongsheng Food Co., Ltd., Changfeng livestock and poultry breeding Co., Ltd., Anhui Antai Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Huaibei SHUNFA fine breed breeding farm, Huaibei Xinyuan breeding Co., Ltd and Anhui Kexin pig breeding Co., Ltd limited company Anhui is the seventh province that has been rated as an ecological province in China It is moving forward from a large agricultural province to a strong agricultural province The provincial Party committee and the provincial government call on the province to develop ecological agriculture, develop towards the direction of production of safe food, and realize the sustainable development strategy However, as the main production area of pigs, the production of safe pork in our province has just started This is not suitable for China's accession to WTO and the development of sustainable organic, ecological and green agricultural products If we can study out the model of ecological pig farm, accelerate the cultivation of new pig strains, strengthen the treatment of feces, the regulation of feed nutrition, the processing and packaging of pork products, and the production of safe and high-quality meat, we will make our province become a strong province of animal husbandry after the achievement demonstration on the spot and the gradual promotion on the surface 1.4 technical and economic service promotion system in our province, animal husbandry and veterinary technology promotion system has been formed Many municipal and county administrative departments have established animal husbandry and aquatic products bureau and animal husbandry technology promotion terminal, and formed network system Pig breeding has become the top priority of technology promotion With the development of the pig industry, pig raising associations have emerged and developed vigorously In 1987, Taihu County of Anhui Province took the lead in establishing the Anhui Hualiangting Pig Industry Association, which was solely sponsored and organized by scientific and technological personnel With the support of animal husbandry departments, local pig raising associations have been established successively, such as Lieshan pig raising Association, Bengbu pig raising Association, Feixi pig raising Association, Tongcheng pig raising Association and Chaohu Pig Industry Association, among which, driven by Chaohu woniu feed factory, a pig raising association has been registered, which is engaged in the production of commercial pigs with the help of capable people and feed as the link These pig raising associations are all voluntary organizations of pig raising enterprises (large households), mainly engaged in information exchange, technical training, comprehensive supporting services before, during and after production In addition, our province also promotes the mode of "quot; company + farmer" for industrial production Research and industrialization of pig industry in Anhui Province Since the sixth five year plan, six local strains have been selected and "three kinds of pig breeding" (localization of sows, introduction of boars and first generation of Crossbreeding of pigs) have been carried out With the development of market economy, "three kinds of pig breeding" has not met the needs of people, so the introduction and use of foreign pig breeds with fast growth, good feed return, high lean meat rate characteristics, to determine the combining ability, promote the best commercial hybrid mating lines (combinations), and vigorously promote the intensive moderate scale breeding technology In the Seventh Five Year Plan and eighth five year plan, Dingyuan pig and Wannan Huazhu were selected By carrying out specialized strain selection and cultivating specialized parent and maternal strains, the diversified matching lines with the characteristics of our province have been preliminarily formed, which has greatly improved the production performance level of commercial lean pigs in our province During the Ninth Five Year Plan period, the project of "Research on pig hybrid system and intensive large-scale breeding technology in Jianghuai River Basin" was initiated Through the selection and determination of combining ability of binary and ternary hybrid pigs, the best ternary hybrid combination suitable for Anhui Province was developed, including the growth rate of pigs with 25% local pig genetic gene duchangding hybrid combination and the determination of pork color and water retention performance index France is in the leading position in China In 2004, the technology was approved by the Ministry of science and technology for achievement transformation During the Tenth Five Year Plan period, the Institute of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences took charge of the national quota; 863 "project" Research on breeding technology of Taihu Pig / Huaihe pig and other high quality lean meat new lines and mating lines "mainly focuses on the screening of major genes for important economic traits, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) location and molecular marker assisted selection technology (MAS), etc for example, research on the major genes for controlling the number of piglets to be produced, and establish a rapid and accurate identification of RYR1 genotype (fluoroalkyl) of pigs The molecular biology technology of genotype The BLUP Method was used to evaluate pig genetics and improve the speed of pig genetic improvement One part of the research content is to breed a new strain of Anhui White Pig by using Anhui local pig breeds This year, a second-generation performance test is under way In 2004, the Provincial Department of science and technology set up a tender for the second phase of the Tenth Five Year Plan "research and demonstration of livestock and poultry product safety and standardized production technology system", which has entered into the stage of contract implementation At the same time, our province pays attention to the research, but also carries on the industrialization development to the pig Since 2003, the Ministry of science and technology of the people's Republic of China has successively carried out the achievement transformation fund of "the pilot test and demonstration of research on high-quality lean pig hybrid mating lines and intensive large-scale breeding technology in the Jianghuai River Basin" (this project starts from the protection of Huai pigs, and now there are 9 families of Huai pigs, including 10 boars and 30 sows, breeding specialized maternal lines, introducing pigs as the first male parent and terminal male parent, and finally achieving high-quality lean three Large scale production of metahybridized mating lines to realize industrialization), national agricultural comprehensive development "Huaining ecological lean pig industrial technology promotion demonstration" (the project is successfully implemented in accordance with the provisions of the contract), and the world bank project "production and demonstration of pollution-free high quality lean pig in Dangtu County" (has passed the final evaluation of World Bank experts, and is in the stage of design and Implementation), etc Recently, Huishang food company has successfully applied for the pollution-free pig breeding project of the State Planning Commission with a total investment of 40 million yuan The project is an industrial chain development demonstration project from pollution-free pig breeding to production and processing of safe pork and carrying out standardized production and sales system The industrialization development of pig breeding in the whole province is in full swing In addition, relevant departments of Anhui Province are also carrying out large-scale pig breeding environmental protection demonstration project in the research base of Animal Husbandry Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences 3 The development direction of pig industry in Anhui Province 3.1 the combination of preservation and utilization of local pig breeds and introduction and development of foreign pig breeds to produce commodity pig Anhui local pig breeds has the advantages of high reproduction rate and good meat quality It is necessary to establish the original pig farm, protect the local pig breeds resources in Anhui Province, maintain the excellent economic characteristics of local pig breeds, and use its excellent characteristics to cultivate and produce high-quality pigs Under the promotion of market economy, Anhui is promoting the production mode of "Duroc × Landrace × dayuk" three way crossbred commercial pig (referred to as "foreign three way" for short), which has fast growth speed (90 kg body weight, 140-160 days), low feed to meat ratio (2.6-3.0) and high carcass lean rate (61%)