Development bottleneck of planting depression of traditional Chinese medicine in Chongqing

Traditional Chinese medicine planting is considered to be one of the important ways to adjust the agricultural structure and help farmers get rid of poverty and become rich in mountainous rural areas However, according to the recent investigation, despite the government's active promotion, the enthusiasm of farmers is still not aroused in Chongqing's traditional Chinese medicine planting The disconnection between production and marketing is likely to dampen the enthusiasm of farmers The lack of deep processing industry also makes its economic benefits limited The same is true across the country Government enthusiasm, farmers' indifferent planting area is shrinking Liu Zhengyu, researcher of Chongqing Institute of drug cultivation, said that in recent years, Chongqing municipal governments at all levels have attached great importance to the development of traditional Chinese medicine planting industry and given great convenience from policies to funds "It can be said that we spare no effort to ask our institute to set up branches in each district and county to promote traditional Chinese medicine planting technology to local growers, but the enthusiasm of farmers has always been low, The actual planting area is shrinking " Liu Zhengyu said that the planting scale of traditional Chinese Medicine reported by each district and county is still very objective in terms of data, but according to their investigation, the actual planting scale has not reached "less than half of them For example, in 2013, the planting scale reported by each district and county totaled 6 million mu, and the situation we investigated was less than 1 million mu, and this is still included in the mountain and wood medicine that does not need manual management ”It is understood that in the context of the government's strong advocacy of farmers to plant traditional Chinese medicine, the planting area of traditional Chinese medicine in each district and county in Chongqing has increased significantly, and almost every district and county has more than 100000 mu of large-scale traditional Chinese medicine planting bases and even pharmaceutical factories "It's very rare now, basically scattered farmers are planting," Liu said Yang Dajian, President of Chongqing Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, said that the cultivation and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine started late, and the technical maturity and awareness of farmers are not as good as that of traditional planting industry, but in the mountainous areas, the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine can really solve the problem of farmers getting rid of poverty and becoming rich The Institute trains about 20000 farmers every year, and each district and county grants several hundred yuan for each mu of land However, the enthusiasm of farmers is still low "The government's promotion efforts are very large, and the investment is also large, but the planting area is still decreasing." In the investigation, the reporter found that, despite the strong support of government policies, the market information of traditional Chinese medicine planting is not smooth, and the disconnection of production and marketing is likely to cause farmers "harvest but income decline", which greatly dampens the enthusiasm of farmers In addition, the difficulty of deep processing of traditional Chinese medicine also makes its economic added value not high, and it is difficult to produce high economic benefits Liu Zhengyu introduced that the market of traditional Chinese medicine has its particularity The demand for a certain kind of medicine is basically stable If the scale of planting a certain kind of medicine suddenly expands, the price will fall sharply, and now there is no professional information platform In addition, the growth cycle of traditional Chinese Medicine is long, which leads to the unpredictable market situation, only blindly encouraging farmers to plant, and finally reducing farmers' income Taking honeysuckle in Xiushan County as an example, the tragedy of "increase production and decrease price" has greatly dampened the enthusiasm of local farmers in planting It is located in a remote mountainous area The climate and geographical environment are very suitable for the growth of honeysuckle From 2006 to 2007, the price of a kilogram of dried honeysuckle was 200300 yuan The local government and farmers vigorously promoted it Three years later (the growth cycle of honeysuckle is three years), the growers found that the honeysuckle output has far exceeded the market demand, and the price has plummeted Until now, the price of a kilogram of dried flower is only 2030 yuan The yield of honeysuckle per mu is about 80 kg, so the output value is not as good as rice In addition, the picking cost is high, so many growers can only let it rot in the field The difficulty of deep processing of traditional Chinese medicine also makes its economic benefits greatly reduced Nie Jin, senior engineer of sunflower pharmaceutical industry, said that the deep processing of traditional Chinese medicine is mainly drugs and health care products, but the development of drugs requires high technical and financial strength of enterprises, generally costing tens of millions of years; in terms of health care products, more than 20 kinds of traditional Chinese Medicine published by the State Food and drug administration can produce health care products, which has very narrow restrictions on traditional Chinese medicine itself Yang Min, director of traditional Chinese medicine in Chongqing, said that the government has a strong support for the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine, but a small support for the R & D and production of traditional Chinese medicine This kind of focus on the head, regardless of the tail, brings about "increasing production and hurting farmers at a lower price" Moreover, there are no professional colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine in Chongqing, and there are not enough talents Sichuan Province has great support in this regard Establish market supply and marketing information system to accelerate the development of deep processing industry According to the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine planting and industry, experts suggest that we should establish a smooth and fast market supply and marketing information system as soon as possible, and accelerate the development of deep processing industry Xia Peiyuan, a professor of the Third Military Medical University of Chongqing, thinks that the key is to pay attention to market demand, make scientific planning at the same time, and change the phenomenon that the government and the growers go together The government should do a good job of overall planning, take measures to plant according to local conditions, avoid blindly following the trend, so as to ensure the interests of the growers, so as to ensure the enthusiasm of planting Yang Dajian said that most of the farmers are still in the state of natural cultivation, lack of scientific and technological content, and do not understand the importance of supply and marketing relations To promote the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine, first, we need to strengthen the promotion of planting technology, and second, we need to establish a market supply and marketing information system "What to plant, how many to plant, all of these need smooth information, and on this basis, overall planning can ensure that the medicinal materials planted by farmers can be sold at a good price, so as to avoid the tragedy that the output of Xiushan honeysuckle suddenly increases 510 times but rots in the ground For example, Taibai Fritillaria in Chengkou county and Wuxi County, and dangshen in Wushan County are in great demand in the market The output value per mu is between 5000 and 10000 yuan How to arrange the planting scientifically is very important " In terms of deep processing, Yang Dajian suggested that at present, most of the Chinese herbal medicines are sold in fresh products, which is not only difficult to preserve and transport, but also low in economic added value Therefore, it is necessary to develop derivative products such as drugs, health care products or drinks in order to improve economic benefits For example, the development of honeysuckle into herbal tea and so on "the R & D of traditional Chinese medicine is generally 8-10 years, and the cycle is too long Without the strong support of the government and the intervention of powerful enterprises, it is impossible to achieve, which needs to be assisted in policy." Nie Jin said that he hoped relevant departments would further open up more Chinese herbal medicines for the development of health products on the basis of research, broaden their practical scope, and fundamentally solve the problem of stable sales of farmers' herbal medicines.